The option that isn’t a habit of healthy goal setting is D. Goal allow individuals to track their progress against others.
Your personal health is based on you as a person, not the records or plans of others. While there is a basic set line of what is healthy and what isn’t, each and every individual has different needs to achieve their best self. Comparing oneself to others not only lowers ones self esteem and empowerment, but isn’t healthy since someone else’s life isn’t applicable to yours. You are in charge of your own health and shouldn’t feel obliged to follow someone else’s plan or goals.
Extrinsic motivation can be useful for persuading someone to do something. Before offering a reward-based task, it's important to know if the person doing the task is motivated by the reward being offered. For example, extrinsic motivators can be useful to help children learn new skills. (When used in moderation.)
