The orbital with the lowest energy is 3s.
The electrons are already there. They are freely moving through the conductor.
Answer:
The answer of the part (a) is v2 = 7.09 m/s
and the answer of the part (b) is vA1 = 5.25 m/s
Explanation:
Explanation of the both parts of answer is in the following attachments
The final velocity of the red barge in the collision elastic is 0.311 m/s when it collides with blue barge pf mass 1000000 kg.
Final velocity(v3) of the red barge is calculated by following formula
m1×v1+ m2×v2= (m1+m2)v3
Substituting the value of m1= 150000 kg, v1= 0.25 m/s, m2= 1000000 kg, v2= 0.32 m/s
150000 × 0.25+ 1000000×0.32= (150000+1000000)×v3
37500+ 320000= 1150000×v3
357500= 1150000×v3
v3= 0.311 m/s
<h3>What is elastic collision velocity? </h3>
- The velocity of the target particle after a head-on elastic impact in which the projectile is significantly more massive than the target will be roughly double that of the projectile, but the projectile velocity will remain virtually unaltered.
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Answer:
(a): The magnitude of the electric force on the small sphere = 
(b): Shown below.
Explanation:
<u>Given:</u>
- m = mass of the small sphere.
- q = charge on the small sphere.
- L = length of the silk fiber.
= surface charge density of the large vertical insulating sheet.
<h2>
(a):</h2>
When the dimensions of the sheet is much larger than the distance between the charge and the sheet, then, according to Gauss' law of electrostatics, the electric field experienced by the particle due to the sheet is given as:

<em>where,</em>
is the electrical permittivity of the free space.
The electric field at a point is defined as the amount of electric force experienced by a unit positive test charge, placed at that point. The magnitude electric field at a point and the magnitude of the electric force on a charge q placed at that point are related as:

Thus, the magnitude of the electric force on the small sphere is given by

The sheet and the small sphere both are positively charged, therefore, the electric force between these two is repulsive, which means, the direction of the electric force on the sphere is away from the sheet along the line which is perepndicular to the sheet and joining the sphere.
<h2>
(b):</h2>
When the sphere is in equilibrium, the tension in the fiber is given by the resultant of the weight of the sphere and the electric force experienced by it as shown in the figure attached below.
According to the fig.,

<em>where,</em>
= electric force on the sphere, acting along left.
= weight of the sphere, acting vertically downwards.
<em />

g is the acceleration due to gravity.