The three changes of phase described in this problem are:
Melting: melting occurs when a substance in solid state turns into liquid state. Since molecules in liquid state have more energy than molecules in solid state (because in liquids, molecules can slide past each other, while in solids they can't move, but only vibrate), thermal energy must be added in order to melt a substance
Freezing: freezing occurs when a liquid substance turns into solid state (the opposite of melting). Since molecules in liquid state have more energy than molecules in solid state, thermal energy must be removed from the substance in order to cause freezing
Condensation: condensation occurs when a gaseous substance turns into liquid state. Since molecules in gaseous state have more energy than molecules in liquid state, thermal energy must be removed from the substance in order to cause condensation
In imprecise terms, one AMU is the average of the proton rest mass and the neutron rest mass. This is approximately 1.67377 x 10 -27 kilogram (kg), or 1.67377 x 10 -24 gram (g). The mass of an atom in AMU is roughly equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
