This question is missing the part that actually asks the question. The questions that are asked are as follows:
(a) How much of a 1.00 mg sample of americium remains after 4 day? Express your answer using 2 significant figures.
(b) How much of a 1.00 mg sample of iodine remains after 4 days? Express your answer using 3 significant figures.
We can use the equation for a first order rate law to find the amount of material remaining after 4 days:
[A] = [A]₀e^(-kt)
[A]₀ = initial amount
k = rate constant
t = time
[A] = amount of material at time, t.
(a) For americium we begin with 1.00 mg of sample and must convert time to units of years, as our rate constant, k, is in units of yr⁻¹.
4 days x 1 year/365 days = 0.0110
A = (1.00)e^((-1.6x10^-3)(0.0110))
A = 1.0 mg
The decay of americium is so slow that no noticeable change occurs over 4 days.
(b) We can simply plug in the information of iodine-125 and solve for A:
A = (1.00)e^(-0.011 x 4)
A = 0.957 mg
Iodine-125 decays at a much faster rate than americium and after 4 days there will be a significant loss of mass.
The product that is used on the natural nail prior to application to assist in adhesion and serves to chemically bond the enhancement product to the natural nail is known as nail primer.
<h3>What is a nail primer?</h3>
A nail primer is a chemical agent used in esthetic centers before applying a colored polish to the nails and serves as an adhesive product.
The nail primers are also very useful for improving the cleaning efficiency of the product before its application.
Nail care products include different types of chemical formulations such as, for example, creams that reinvigorate the cuticle.
In conclusion, the chemical formulation employed on the natural nail that is capable of enhancing and also assisting adhesion is called the nail primer.
Learn more about nail esthetic products here:
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Gold has a heavy enough nucleus that its electrons must travel at speeds nearing the speed of light to prevent them from falling into the nucleus. This relativistic effect applies to those orbitals that have appreciable density at the nucleus, such as s and p orbitals. These relativistic electrons gain mass and as a consequence, their orbits contract. As these s and (to some degree) p orbits are contracted, the other electrons in d and f orbitals are better screened from the nucleus and their orbitals actually expand.
Since the 6s orbital with one electron is contracted, this electron is more tightly bound to the nucleus and less available for bonding with other atoms. The 4f and 5d orbitals expand, but can't be involved in bond formation since they are completely filled. This is why gold is relatively unreactive.
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