In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus. It comprises cytosol (the gel-like substance enclosed within the cell membrane) and the organelles – the cell's internal sub-structures. All of the contents of the cells of prokaryote organisms (such as bacteria, which lack a cell nucleus) are contained within the cytoplasm. Within the cells of eukaryote organisms the contents of the cell nucleus are separated from the cytoplasm, and are then called thenucleoplasm. The cytoplasm is about 80% water and usually colorless.[1]
It is within the cytoplasm that most cellular activities occur, such as many metabolic pathways including glycolysis, and processes such as cell division. The concentrated inner area is called the endoplasm and the outer layer is called the cell cortex or theectoplasm.
Movement of calcium ions in and out of the cytoplasm is a signaling activity for metabolic processes.[2]
In plants, movement of the cytoplasm around vacuoles is known as cytoplasmic streaming.
95.21 grams.
Add the atomic mass of each element present. (If there is more than one atom of an element, multiply the element's atomic mass by the number of that element's atoms.)
The percentage of the sulfur (S) in the compound CuSO₄ is 20.1 %.
<h3>What is the mass percentage?</h3>
The percentage of an element in a compound can be determined as the number of parts by mass of that element present in 100 parts by mass of the given compound.
First, calculate the molecular mass of the given compound by the addition of the atomic masses of all the present elements in the molecular formula. Then, the percentage of the elements can be determined by dividing the total mass of the element by the molar mass of the compound multiplied by 100.
Given, the atomic mass of copper, sulfur, and oxygen is 63.55 g, 32.07 g, and 16.0g respectively.
The molecular mass of CuSO₄ = 63.55 + 32.07 + 4(16.0) = 159.62 g
The mass percentage of the sulphur = (32.07/159.62) × 100 = 20.1 %
Therefore, the mass percentage of the sulfur is equal to 20.1 %.
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Answer is: 2. Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of electrons and 5. Isotopes of the same element behave differently in a nuclear reaction.
1) The electrons of an atom participates in a chemical reaction.
2) Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of electrons, because there is transfer, loss, gain and sharing of electrons in chemical reactions.
3) Nuclear reactions can produce new elements, because number of protons and neutrons is changed.
4) Chemical reactions require heat or an input of energy to occur, this is activation energy.
5) Isotopes of the same element behave differently in a nuclear reaction, because isotopes have different number of neutrons, so products of a nuclear reaction is different.
