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2 years ago

Explain with schematics the operating principle of solid state lasers.

Engineering

1 answer:

alina1380 [7]2 years ago

7 0

Explanation:

A solid state laser contains a cavity like structure fitted with spherical mirrors or plane mirrors at the end filled with a rigidly bonded crystal. It uses solid as the medium. It uses glass or crystalline materials.

It is known that active medium used for this type of laser is a solid material. This lasers are pumped optically by means of a light source which is used as a source of energy for the laser. The solid materials gets excited by absorbing energy in the form of light from the light source. Here the pumping source is light energy.

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Windmills slow the air and cause it to fill a larger channel as it passes through the blades. Consider a circular windmill with

Scilla [17]

Answer:

DIAMETER = 9.797 m

POWER = $\dot W = 28.6 kW$

Explanation:

Given data:

circular windmill diamter D1 = 8m

v1 = 12 m/s

wind speed = 8 m/s

we know that specific volume is given as

$v =\frac{RT}{P}$

where v is specific volume of air

considering air pressure is 100 kPa and temperature 20 degree celcius

$v = \frac{0.287\times 293}{100}$

v = 0.8409 m^3/ kg

from continuity equation

$A_1 V_1 = A_2 V_2$

$\frac{\pi}{4}D_1^2 V_1 = \frac{\pi}{4}D_1^2 V_2$

$D_2 = D_1 \sqrt{\frac{V_1}{V_2}}$

$D_2 = 8 \times \sqrt{\frac{12}{8}}$

$D_2 = 9.797 m$

mass flow rate is given as

$\dot m = \frac{A_1 V_1}{v} = \frac{\pi 8^2\times 12}{4\times 0.8049}$

$\dot m = 717.309 kg/s$

the power produced $\dot W = \dot m \frac{ V_1^2 - V_2^2}{2} = 717.3009 [\frac{12^2 - 8^2}{2} \times \frac{1 kJ/kg}{1000 m^2/s^2}]$

$\dot W = 28.6 kW$

8 0

3 years ago

Describe ICP/OES in detail.

alex41 [277]

Answer:

ICP -OES stand for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy

Explanation:

It is techniques that known as trace level technique which help to identify and quantify the element present in sample by using spectra emission.

The analysis process include desolvates, ionization and excitation of the sample. The sample is identify by analyzing the emission line from it and quantify by analyzing the intensity of same emission lines.

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3 years ago

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A room is kept at −5°C by a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle with R-134a as the refrigerant. Heat is rejected to cooling wa

Fed [463]

Answer:

note:

<u>solution is attached in word form due to error in mathematical equation. furthermore i also attach Screenshot of solution in word due to different version of MS Office please find the attachment</u>

Download docx

4 0

2 years ago

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Sketches are a very efficient way to share ideas.<br> True<br> False

timurjin [86]

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

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3 years ago

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