Answer:
The activation energy
Explanation:
The activation energy is the energy hump that lies between reactants and products. It is the energy barrier that reactants must cross before they are converted into products.
Based on the collision theory, only particles that possess the activation energy are able to collide in such a way that leads to reaction.
Collision of particles having an energy content less than the activation energy of the reaction merely leads to elastic collision between such particles.
Explanation:
1. Explain how groups 1A-8A in the periodic table are organized by their number of valence electrons.
The valence electrons in an atom are the outermost shell electrons. They are the most loosely held electrons in an atom.
Coincidentally, the periodic table of elements divided into vertical groups and horizontal periods can be said to be arranged according to the number of valence electrons.
- Atomic numbers are used to arrange elements on the periodic table.
- Down a group, the number of electronic shell increases. More electrons are added to new energy levels.
- As we move from left to right across a period, the number of electrons in elements increases but electronic shell is the same.
- Down a group electronic shell increases but the number of valence electrons are the same.
- All elements in Group 1A has just one valence electrons, Group 2A has two valence electrons.........Group 8A has eight valence electrons.
- Moving across groups is synonymous to moving from left to right on the periodic table.
- Due to this trend, the periodic table is arranged based on the number of valence electrons.
3. explain how you know the number of valence electrons for each group.
The number of valence electrons in a group is the group number:
Group Number valence electrons
1A 1
2A 2
3A 3
4A 4
5A 5
6A 6
7A 7
8A 8
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Moles= mass divided by molar mass
Molar mass= 12.01(4) + 1.01(10)
= 58.14g/mol
Moles=14.5g / 58.14g/mol
=0.249
Therefore there are approx 0.249 moles in a 14.5g sample of C4H10
We need to increase the concentration of common ion first, in order to promote the common ion effect
<h3>What is the Common ion effect?</h3>
It is an effect that suppresses the dissociation of salt due to the addition of another salt having common ions.
For example, a saturated solution of silver chloride in equilibrium has Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ . Sodium Chloride is added to the solution and has a common ion Cl⁻. As a result, the equilibrium shifts to the left to form more silver chloride. Thus, solubility of AgCl decreases.
The Equilibrium law states that if a process is in equilibrium and is subjected to a change
- in temperature,
- pressure,
- the concentration of reactant or product,
then the equilibrium shifts in a particular direction, according to the condition.
Thus, an increase in the concentration of common ion promotes the common ion effect.
Learn more about common ion effect:
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Answer:
Aluminium Chloride + Hydrogen
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