A free-radical substitution reaction is likely to be responsible for the observations. The reaction mechanism of a reaction like this can be grouped into three phases:
- Initiation; the "light" on the mixture deliver sufficient amount of energy such that the halogen molecules undergo homologous fission. It typically takes ultraviolet radiation to initiate fissions of the bonds.
- Propagation; free radicals react with molecules to produce new free radicals and molecules.
- Termination; two free radicals combine and form covalent bonds to produce stable molecules. Note that it is possible for two carbon-containing free-radicals to combine, leading to the production of trace amounts of long carbon chains in the product.
Initiation
![\text{Cl}-\text{Cl} \stackrel{\text{UV}}{\to} \text{Cl}\bullet + \bullet\text{Cl}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BCl%7D-%5Ctext%7BCl%7D%20%5Cstackrel%7B%5Ctext%7BUV%7D%7D%7B%5Cto%7D%20%5Ctext%7BCl%7D%5Cbullet%20%2B%20%5Cbullet%5Ctext%7BCl%7D)
where the big black dot indicates unpaired electrons attached to the atom.
Propagation
![\text{CH}_3\text{Cl}+ \text{Cl}\bullet \to \bullet\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} + \text{HCl}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BCH%7D_3%5Ctext%7BCl%7D%2B%20%5Ctext%7BCl%7D%5Cbullet%20%5Cto%20%5Cbullet%5Ctext%7BCH%7D_2%5Ctext%7BCl%7D%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7BHCl%7D)
![\bullet\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} + \text{Cl}_2 \to \text{CH}_2\text{Cl}_2 + \text{Cl}\bullet](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cbullet%5Ctext%7BCH%7D_2%5Ctext%7BCl%7D%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7BCl%7D_2%20%5Cto%20%5Ctext%7BCH%7D_2%5Ctext%7BCl%7D_2%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7BCl%7D%5Cbullet)
![\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}_2 + \text{Cl}\bullet \to \bullet\text{CHCl}_2 + \text{HCl}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BCH%7D_2%5Ctext%7BCl%7D_2%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7BCl%7D%5Cbullet%20%5Cto%20%5Cbullet%5Ctext%7BCHCl%7D_2%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7BHCl%7D)
![\bullet\text{CHCl}_2+ \text{Cl}_2 \to \text{CHCl}_3 + \bullet \text{Cl}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cbullet%5Ctext%7BCHCl%7D_2%2B%20%5Ctext%7BCl%7D_2%20%5Cto%20%5Ctext%7BCHCl%7D_3%20%2B%20%5Cbullet%20%5Ctext%7BCl%7D)
![\text{CHCl}_3 + \text{Cl}\bullet \to \bullet\text{CCl}_3 + \text{HCl}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BCHCl%7D_3%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7BCl%7D%5Cbullet%20%5Cto%20%5Cbullet%5Ctext%7BCCl%7D_3%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7BHCl%7D)
![\bullet\text{CCl}_3 + \text{Cl}_2 \to \text{CCl}_4 + \text{Cl}\bullet](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cbullet%5Ctext%7BCCl%7D_3%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7BCl%7D_2%20%5Cto%20%5Ctext%7BCCl%7D_4%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7BCl%7D%5Cbullet)
Termination
![\text{Cl}\bullet + \bullet\text{Cl} \to \text{Cl}-\text{Cl}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BCl%7D%5Cbullet%20%2B%20%5Cbullet%5Ctext%7BCl%7D%20%5Cto%20%5Ctext%7BCl%7D-%5Ctext%7BCl%7D)
Answer:
SOMEONE HURRY AND ANSWER THIS
Explanation:
Answer:
9.36
Explanation:
Sodium formate is the conjugate base of formic acid.
Also,
![K_a\times K_b=K_w](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_a%5Ctimes%20K_b%3DK_w)
for sodium formate is ![K_b=\frac {K_w}{K_a}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_b%3D%5Cfrac%20%7BK_w%7D%7BK_a%7D)
Given that:
of formic acid = ![1.8\times 10^{-4}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1.8%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7D)
And, ![K_w=10^{-14}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_w%3D10%5E%7B-14%7D)
So,
![K_b=\frac {10^{-14}}{1.8\times 10^{-4}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_b%3D%5Cfrac%20%7B10%5E%7B-14%7D%7D%7B1.8%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7D%7D)
![K_b=5.5556\times 10^{-11}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_b%3D5.5556%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-11%7D)
Concentration = 0.35 M
HCOONa ⇒ Na⁺ + HCOO⁻
Consider the ICE take for the formate ion as:
HCOO⁻ + H₂O ⇄ HCOOH + OH⁻
At t=0 0.35 - -
At t =equilibrium (0.35-x) x x
The expression for dissociation constant of sodium formate is:
![K_{b}=\frac {[OH^-][HCOOH]}{[HCOO^-]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bb%7D%3D%5Cfrac%20%7B%5BOH%5E-%5D%5BHCOOH%5D%7D%7B%5BHCOO%5E-%5D%7D)
![5.5556\times 10^{-11}=\frac {x^2}{0.35-x}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=5.5556%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-11%7D%3D%5Cfrac%20%7Bx%5E2%7D%7B0.35-x%7D)
Solving for x, we get:
x = 0.44×10⁻⁵ M
pOH = -log[OH⁻] = -log(0.44×10⁻⁵) = 4.64
pH + pOH = 14
So,
<u>pH = 14 - 4.64 = 9.36</u>
Yeah of-course!! It's valency by group most of the chemical property like electronegativity, ionization energy etc. by the combination of groups and periods...
Hit
Or
Miss
I
Guess
They
Never
Miss
Huh