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3 years ago

How does an atom differ from a molecule? In what ways are they similar?

Chemistry

1 answer:

Yuki888 [10]3 years ago

5 0

Explanation:

Difference between the two:

Atoms are defined as the smallest particle of a chemical element that exists. They are made up of protons, electrons and neutrons. Elements have similar kind of atoms present in them while compounds have different type of elements present in them.

Molecules are formed when two or more atoms of similar or different kinds bond together. For Example: $H_2O,N_2$ etc...

Similarity between the two:

A pure substance is defined as the substance which is formed by same or different type of atoms which are chemically combined in a fixed ratio by mass. Atoms and molecules are considered as pure substances.

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An atom of helium has a radius of 31. pm and the average orbital speed of the electrons in it is about 4.4x 10 m/s Calculate the

otez555 [7]

The question is incomplete, here is the complete question:

An atom of helium has a radius of 31. pm and the average orbital speed of the electrons in it is about $4.4\times 10^6m/s$ . Calculate the least possible uncertainty in a measurement of the speed of an electron in an atom of helium. Write your answer as a percentage of the average speed, and round it to 2 significant digits

Answer: The percentage of average speed is 41 %

Explanation:

We are given:

Radius of helium atom = 31 pm = $31\times 10^{-12}m$ (Conversion factor: $1m=10^{12}pm$ )

So, diameter of helium atom = $(2\times r)=(2\times 31\times 10^{-12})=64\times 10^{-12}m$

The diameter of the atom will be equal to the uncertainty in position.

The equation representing Heisenberg's uncertainty principle follows:

$\Delta x.\Delta p=\frac{h}{2\pi}$

where,

$\Delta x$ = uncertainty in position = d = $64\times 10^{-12}m$

$\Delta p$ = uncertainty in momentum = $m\Delta v$

m = mass of electron = $9.1095\times 10^{-31}kg$

h = Planck's constant = $6.627\times 10^{-34}kgm^2/s^2$

Putting values in above equation, we get:

$64\times 10^{-12}m\times 9.1095\times 10^{-31}kg\times \Delta v=\frac{6.627\times 10^{-34}kgm^2/s}{2\times 3.14}\\\\\Delta v=\frac{6.627\times 10^{-34}kgm^2/s^2}{2\times 3.14\times 64\times 10^{-12}m\times 9.1095\times 10^{-31}kg}=1.81\times 10^6m/s$

To calculate the percentage of average speed, we use the equation:

$\text{Percentage of the average speed}=\frac{\text{Uncertainty in velocity}}{\text{Average orbital speed}}\times 100$

We are given:

Average orbital speed = $4.4\times 10^6m/s$

Putting values in above equation, we get:

$\text{Percentage of the average speed}=\frac{1.81\times 10^6m/s}{4.4\times 10^6m/s}\times 100\\\\\text{Percentage of the average speed}=41.\%$

Hence, the percentage of average speed is 41 %

3 0

4 years ago

The characteristic which distinguishes a true solid from other phases of matter at STP is that in a true solid the particles are

Harlamova29_29 [7]

Answer:

Background

Solids – relatively rigid, definite volume and shape. In a solid, the atoms and molecules are attached to each other. ...

Liquids – definite volume but able to change shape by flowing. In a liquid, the atoms and molecules are loosely bonded. ...

Gases – no definite volume or shape

8 0

3 years ago

Balance equations __Mg (s)+ __HCI(aq)—> __MgCI2(aq) + __H2(g)

Alina [70]

The balanced equation is Mg(s) + 2HCI(aq) = H2(g) + MgCI2 (aq)

6 0

4 years ago

Dinitrogen pentoxide is used in the preparation of explosives. If 7.93 mol of

Tpy6a [65]

The volume of O₂ produced: 84.6 L

<h3>Further explanation</h3>

Given

7.93 mol of dinitrogen pentoxide

T = 48 + 273 = 321 K

P = 125 kPa = 1,23365 atm

Required

Volume of O₂

Solution

Decomposition reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide

2N₂O₅(g)→4NO₂(g)+O₂ (g)

From the equation, mol ratio N₂O₅ : O₂ = 2 : 1, so mol O₂ :

= 0.5 x mol N₂O₅

= 0.5 x 7.93

= 3.965 moles

The volume of O₂ :

$\tt V=\dfrac{nRT}{P}\\\\V=\dfrac{3.965\times 0.082\times 321}{1.23365}\\\\V=84.6~L$

5 0

4 years ago

Which of the following is a solution? Salt water Milk Muddy water Chlorine

AleksandrR [38]

Answer:

salt water

Explanation:

i learned from makeing slime

7 0

4 years ago

Read 2 more answers