The answer depends on how you look at light. However, in the most accurate approach, gaps do not form between photons as light spreads out. Light is made up of tiny fundamental bits called photons. A photon is a quantum object. As such, a photon acts a little like a particle and a little like a wave, but is actually something more complex.
If you look at light as a collection of little particles, you could say that dimmer light has its photons more spread out. But, they are not spread out in space while traveling. Rather, they are spread out in time and space as they are received. A sufficiently sensitive photon counter device can detect the reception of light one photon at a time. Shine light at such a device and it does not receive the light as a steady stream. Rather, it receives the light as a series of discrete bundles of energy separated by gaps in time. Similarly, shine light at a sufficiently sensitive array of photon counters, and it receives the light at point locations with spatial gaps between them. When viewed in this way, a light beam always has gaps between its photons, whether the light be very bright or very dim. Very dim light beams have larger gaps in time and space between the reception of each photon compared to brighter light beams. Light from a very distant star has spread out over a very large area and become very dim in the process. The gaps between photon reception from a very distant, dim star are therefore large. Again, it is only the reception time and locations that has gaps. There are no gaps in space between the photons as they
<span>A wire carrying electric current will produce a magnetic field with closed field lines surrounding the wire.Another version of the right hand rules can be used to determine the magnetic field direction from a current—point the thumb in the direction of the current, and the fingers curl in the direction of the magnetic field loops created by it. See.<span>The Biot-Savart Law can be used to determine the magnetic field strength from a current segment. For the simple case of an infinite straight current-carrying wire it is reduced to the form <span><span>B=<span><span><span>μ0</span>I</span><span>2πr</span></span></span><span>B=<span><span><span>μ0</span>I</span><span>2πr</span></span></span></span>.</span><span>A more fundamental law than the Biot-Savart law is Ampere ‘s Law, which relates magnetic field and current in a general way. It is written in integral form as <span><span>∮B⋅dl=<span>μ0</span><span>Ienc</span></span><span>∮B⋅dl=<span>μ0</span><span>Ienc</span></span></span>, where Ienc is the enclosed current and μ0 is a constant.</span><span>A current-carrying wire feels a force in the presence of an external magnetic field. It is found to be <span><span>F=Bilsinθ</span><span>F=Bilsinθ</span></span>, where ℓ is the length of the wire, i is the current, and θ is the angle between the current direction and the magnetic field.</span></span>Key Terms<span><span>Biot-Savart Law: An equation that describes the magnetic field generated by an electric current. It relates the magnetic field to the magnitude, direction, length, and proximity of the electric current. The law is valid in the magnetostatic approximation, and is consistent with both Ampère’s circuital law and Gauss’s law for magnetism.</span><span>Ampere’s Law: An equation that relates magnetic fields to electric currents that produce them. Using Ampere’s law, one can determine the magnetic field associated with a given current or current associated with a given magnetic field, providing there is no time changing electric field present.</span></span>
Lyndon's experiment has TWO independent variables:
-- covered with plastic /
not covered with plastic
-- measure temperature on the south side /
measure temperature on the north side.
When Lyndon observes the results of her experiment, she can't tell
WHICH variable produced the results she observes.
Answer:
the magnitude is 7 and sign of the point charge on the surface shell is -13
Explanation: