So as you may know atoms are neutral because the number of protons (+ charge) and the number of electrons( - charge) are the same so they cancel out. When a valence electron leaves an atom it will have a +1 charge because there is one less negative than positives or there is one more positive than negatives since a negative electron left. If a valence electron is added a -1 charge because there is now one more negative than positive!!!
hope that helps!!
I think that by "Classical physics" is meant low speed things. By low speed, I think is meant speed far below very roughly half the speed of light, so that Relativistic, special or general, effects can be ignored. Or at least it is hoped that they can be ignored.
Fire extinguishers and rockets get propelled by forcing out large amounts of material (gases under very high pressure) through a nozzle, and the RECOIL from that propels something forward. So, if the action is the ejection of material, the reaction (recoil) is the ejector moving along the same line in the other direction. And that's an example of Newton's third law.
Given a propulsion system, the magnitude of the force recoiling on the ejector will change the momentum of the ejector, often written as the equation F=ma where F is the force, m is the mass being accelerated, and a being the acceleration.
Just as something will stay still until it is moved - inertia - so once set in uniform motion in a straight line, the thing will continue in that motion, theoretically for ever or until something alters its momentum. Newton's first law is to the effect of "every body continues in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted on by a resultant external force". Which, I think, is where the concept of inertia stems from.
I think that the above mostly tcuches on the 3 laws.Any more help needed, please ask.
I believe Isaac Newtons Law " Gravity ".
To contrast inner and outer planets we will start with the climate of the planets and then move on to there lighting. To start the planets closet to the sun, mercury, venus, earth and mars, are all hot compared to the further one, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune. This distance also makes the farthe away planets darker than the ones closer. Now to compare all the planets vary from either gass or solid, rocky or icy. All of them spin around the sun and all have objects spinning around them, moons.
I believe it is
1.6x=2.7(x-1.8)
1.1x=2.7*1.8
x~4.4
4.4*1.6
~7.1m