Answer:
A) coenzyme A
Explanation:
The NADH and FADH₂ are the energy rich molecules which are formed in the processes like glycolysis, TCA cycle and the fatty acid oxidation as they contain pair of electrons which have very high transfer potential.
As a result of the energy produced when these molecules transfer their electrons to the oxygen , ATP is generated by a series of electron carriers which collectively is called electron transport chain (ETC).
<u>The components of chain include Fe–S centers, Non-heme, FMN, coenzyme Q, and cytochromes .
</u>
The energy derived from the transfer of electrons is used to pump the protons across mitochondrial membrane.
As a result, an electrochemical gradient is generated which results in some energy which is then harnessed by the ATP synthase to form ATP.
Answer:
An open system
Explanation:
An open system is a system in which both matter and energy are exchanged freely between the system and the surroundings.
An example is a pot of water boiling on the stove. The surroundings (the stove) can supply heat energy to the water and the water can escape into the atmosphere.
A <em>closed system</em> is a system in which energy but not matter is exchanged freely between the system and the surroundings.
An example is a pressure cooker on the stove. The surroundings (the stove) can supply heat energy to the food inside, but no matter can escape through the closed lid.
An <em>isolated system</em> is a system in which neither energy nor matter can be exchanged between the system and the surroundings.
An example is a thermos of hot soup. The cap prevents matter from escaping and the shiny interior reflects heat back into the soup.
Answer:
Most acid precipitation results from the combination of <u>Sulfur Oxides and Nitrogen Oxides</u> with water in the atmosphere, forming strong acids that fall with rain or snow.
Explanation:
Acid rain is said to be that rain which contains high concentration of H⁺ ions. The main source of acid rain is the elimination of NOₓ (Nitrogen Oxides) and SOₓ (Sulfur Oxides) from different means in industries and other combustion processes on earth.
Examples:
SO₂ + H₂O → H₂SO₄
NO₂ + OH° → HNO₃
From above examples it can be seen that the sulfur and nitrogen oxides when reacted with water forms strong acids. These acids come along with rain water and causes different problems to living organisms and non living objects like buildings.
Answer:
.
Explanation:
Magnesium chloride and silver nitrate reacts at a 
ratio:
.
In reality, the nitrate ion from silver nitrate did not take part in this reaction at all. Consider the ionic equation for this very reaction:
.
The precipitate silver chloride 
is insoluble in water and barely ionizes. Hence, 
isn't rewritten as ions.
Net ionic equation:
.
Calculate the initial quantity of nitrate ions in the mixture.
.
Since nitrate ions 
do not take part in any reaction in this mixture, the quantity of this ion would stay the same.
.
However, the volume of the new solution is twice that of the original nitrate solution. Hence, the concentration of nitrate ions in the new solution would be 
of the concentration in the original solution.
.
