Mammalian fertilization comprises sperm migration through the female reproductive tract, biochemical and morphological changes to sperm, and sperm-egg interaction in the oviduct. Recent gene knockout approaches in mice have revealed that many factors previously considered important for fertilization are largely dispensable, or if they are essential, they have an unexpected function. These results indicate that what has been observed in in vitro fertilization (IVF) differs significantly from what occurs during “physiological” fertilization. This Review focuses on the advantages of studying fertilization using gene-manipulated animals and highlights an emerging molecular mechanism of mammalian fertilization.
<span>hybridization can be used to produce plants giving a high yield by breeding an indigenous variety of the plant having disease and pest resistant qualities and also a greater adaptability to the particular environment with a high yielding exotic variety to get an offspring having the desired qualities of both and also promoting hybrid </span>
Answer:
Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells. They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Both also contain similar membranes, cytosol, and cytoskeletal element.
Answer: Animals undergoing examination should be restrained with just enough force to calm them and keep them still so that the veterinarian can provide proper veterinary care. Each animal's restraint needs will be different and dependent on their behaviors and anatomies.
