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OLga [1]
3 years ago
8

Type the correct answer in each box. In an atom, the first energy level can hold electrons. The second energy level can hold ele

ctrons. The third energy level can hold electrons.
Chemistry
2 answers:
Dimas [21]3 years ago
7 0
1st energy level can hold 2 electrons
2nd energy level can hold 8 electrons
3rd energy level can hold 8 or 18 electrons
ELEN [110]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

In an atom, the first energy level can hold  <u><em>2</em></u> electrons. The second energy level can hold <em><u>8</u></em> electrons. The third energy level can hold  <u><em>18 </em></u>electrons.

Explanation:

There are 7 energy levels, numbered from 1 to 7, and in which electrons are distributed. Each level is divided into sub-levels. These sub-levels into which each level is divided can be up to 4 and these are called: s, p, d, f. In the sub-level s there can only be a maximum of 2 electrons, in p there can be a maximum of 6 electrons, in the sub-level d 10 electrons and finally in the sub-level f there can be a maximum of 14 electrons.

In level 1 there is only one sub-level, which will be the s. In level 2 there are 2 sub-levels, the s and the p. At level 3 there are 3 sub-levels s, p and d. And at level 4 there are 4 sub-levels, the s, the p, the d and the f.

As in level 1 there is only the sub-level s, and this sub-level can only contain 2 electrons at most, then <u><em>the first energy level can hold  2 electrons.</em></u>

As in level 2 there is the sub-level s and p, and these sub-levels can only contain 2 and 6 electrons at most respectively, by adding them you get that <u><em>the second energy level can hold 8 electrons.</em></u>

As in level 3 there is the sub-level s, p and d, and these sub-levels can only contain 2, 6 and 10 electrons at most respectively, by adding them you get that <u><em>the third energy level can hold 18 electrons.</em></u>

The maximum number of electrons in each level can also be calculated by means of the expression: 2*n², where n is the level to which the electrons belong. Then:

  • First Level: 2*1²= 2 electrons
  • Second Level: 2*2²= 8 electrons
  • Third Level: 2*3²= 18 electrons

You can see that you get the same amount of electrons, so either of the two ways of thinking is correct.

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Explanation:

More is the electronegativity difference between the combining atoms more polar is the compound. Hence, more ionic it will be in nature.

(a)   Electronegativity value of P = 2.19

Electronegativity value of Cl = 3.16

Electronegativity value of Br = 2.96

Electronegativity value of F = 3.98

Electronegativity difference of a P-Cl bond = 3.16 - 2.19 = 0.97

Electronegativity difference of a P-Br bond = 2.96 - 2.19 = 0.77

Electronegativity difference of a P-F bond = 3.98 - 2.19 = 1.79

Since, a P-F bond has the highest electronegativity difference. Therefore, PF_{3} is the most ionic compound and PBr_{3} is the least ionic compound.

(b)   Electronegativity value of B = 2.04

Electronegativity value of N = 3.04

Electronegativity value of C = 2.55

Electronegativity value of F = 3.98

Electronegativity difference of a B-F bond = 3.98 - 2.04 = 1.94

Electronegativity difference of a N-F bond = 3.04 - 3.98 = 0.94

Electronegativity difference of a C-F bond = 3.98 - 2.55 = 1.43

Since, a B-F bond has the highest electronegativity difference. Therefore, BF_{3} is the most ionic compound and NF_{3} is the least ionic compound.

(c)   Electronegativity value of Se = 2.55

Electronegativity value of Te = 2.1

Electronegativity value of Br = 2.96

Electronegativity value of F = 3.98

Electronegativity difference of a Se-F bond = 3.98 - 2.55 = 1.43

Electronegativity difference of a Te-F bond = 3.98 - 2.1 = 1.88

Electronegativity difference of a Br-F bond = 3.98 - 2.19 = 1.02

Since, a Te-F bond has the highest electronegativity difference. Therefore, TeF_{4} is the most ionic compound and BrF_{3} is the least ionic compound.

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Hydrogen chloride gas and oxygen gas react to form water and chlorine gas. A reaction mixture initially contains 53.2 g of hydro
Sergio [31]

<u>Answer:</u> The mass of the excess reactant (oxygen gas) is 3.136 grams

<u>Explanation:</u>

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}      .....(1)

  • <u>For HCl:</u>

Given mass of HCl = 53.2 g

Molar mass of HCl = 36.5 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

\text{Moles of HCl}=\frac{53.2g}{36.5g/mol}=1.46mol

  • <u>For oxygen gas:</u>

Given mass of oxygen gas = 26.5 g

Molar mass of oxygen gas = 32 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

\text{Moles of oxygen gas}=\frac{26.5g}{32g/mol}=0.828mol

The chemical equation for the reaction of HCl and oxygen gas follows:

2HCl+O_2\rightarrow H_2O+Cl_2

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

2 moles of HCl reacts with 1 mole of oxygen gas

So, 1.46 moles of HCl will react with = \frac{1}{2}\times 1.46=0.73mol of oxygen gas

As, given amount of oxygen gas is more than the required amount. So, it is considered as an excess reagent.

Thus, HCl is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of product.

Excess moles of oxygen gas = (0.828 - 0.73) = 0.098 moles

Now, calculating the mass of oxygen gas from equation 1, we get:

Molar mass of oxygen gas = 32 g/mol

Excess moles of oxygen gas = 0.098 moles

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

0.098mol=\frac{\text{Mass of oxygen gas}}{32g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of oxygen gas}=(0.098mol\times 32g/mol)=3.136g

Hence, the mass of the excess reactant (oxygen gas) is 3.136 grams

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