Identify the compound with the highest magnitude of lattice energy. Identify the compound with the highest magnitude of lattice
1 answer:
Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
According to the Born-Lande equation,
E =
where, = Avogadro's constant
r = distance between the anion and cation
M = Medlung constant
= charge on the cation
= charge on the anion
E = lattice energy
According to this expression, lattice energy is inversely proportional to the distance between the cation and anion. And, when we move down a group then there occurs an increase in the atomic radii of the atoms.
As a result, there will occur a decrease in their lattice energy. Since, the anionic part is same in all the given species but the cationic part is different.
In the size of magnesium cation is smaller than calcium, barium and strontium ion. Hence, there will be least distance between Mg and Br ions.
Thus, we can conclude that the magnitude of lattice energy will be the highest in .
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Taking into account the definition of calorimetry, sensible heat and latent heat, the amount of heat required is 37.88 kJ.
<h3>Calorimetry</h3>Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.
<h3>Sensible heat</h3>Sensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change).
<h3>Latent heat</h3>Latent heat is defined as the energy required by a quantity of substance to change state.
When this change consists of changing from a solid to a liquid phase, it is called heat of fusion and when the change occurs from a liquid to a gaseous state, it is called heat of vaporization.
- <u><em>25.60 °C to 0 °C</em></u>
First of all, you should know that the freezing point of water is 0°C. That is, at 0°C, water freezes and turns into ice.
So, you must lower the temperature from 25.60°C (in liquid state) to 0°C, in order to supply heat without changing state (sensible heat).
The amount of heat a body receives or transmits is determined by:
Q = c× m× ΔT
where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation.
In this case, you know:
- c= Heat Capacity of Liquid= 4.184
- m= 185.5 g
- ΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial= 0 °C - 25.60 °C= - 25.6 °C
Replacing:
Q1= 4.184 × 185.5 g× (- 25.6 °C)
Solving:
<u><em>Q1= -19,868.98 J</em></u>
- <u><em>Change of state</em></u>
The heat Q that is necessary to provide for a mass m of a certain substance to change phase is equal to
Q = m×L
where L is called the latent heat of the substance and depends on the type of phase change.
In this case, you know:
n= 185.5 grams× = 10.30 moles, where 18
is the molar mass of water, that is, the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.
ΔHfus= 6.01
Replacing:
Q2= 10.30 moles×6.01
Solving:
<u><em>Q2=61.903 kJ= 61,903 J</em></u>
- <u><em>0 °C to -10.70 °C</em></u>
Similar to sensible heat previously calculated, you know:
- c = Heat Capacity of Solid = 2.092
- m= 185.5 g
- ΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial= -10.70 °C - 0 °C= -10.70 °C
Replacing:
Q3= 2.092 × 185.5 g× (-10.70) °C
Solving:
<u><em>Q3= -4,152.3062 J</em></u>
<h3>Total heat required</h3>The total heat required is calculated as:
Total heat required= Q1 + Q2 +Q3
Total heat required=-19,868.98 J + 61,903 J -4,152.3062 J
<u><em>Total heat required= 37,881.7138 J= 37.8817138 kJ= 37.88 kJ</em></u>
In summary, the amount of heat required is 37.88 kJ.
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