Which of the following two combinations of reactants is more appropriate for the preparation of p-nitrophenyl phenyl ether? Fluo
robenzene and sodium p-nitrophenoxide, or p-fluoronitrobenzene and sodium phenoxide.
1 answer:
Answer:
p-fluoronitrobenzene and sodium phenoxide is more appropriate
Explanation:
An ipso substitution is required to form p-nitrophenyl phenyl ether.
For this ipso substitution, an alkoxide anion needs to attack as a nucleophile at the carbon atom attached to fluorine atom and thereby substitute that F atom.
p-nitrophenoxide is an weak nucleophile as compared to phenoxide due to presence of electron withdrawing resonating effect of nitro group at para position.
p-fluoronitrobenzene is a good choice for nucleophilic attack by alkoxide anion as compared to fluorobenzene due to higher positive charge density at carbon atom directly attached to F atom. Higher positive charge density arises due to presence of electron withdrawing resonating effect og nitro group at para position.
So, p-fluoronitrobenzene and sodium phenoxide is more appropriate
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Answer:
See attached => LeChatelier's Principle
Explanation:
LeChatelier's Principle => If a stress is applied to a chemical reaction, the reaction chemistry will shift away from the applied stress and establish a new equilibrium having new concentration values different from the original concentration values.
There are three (3) principle stress factors that will cause disturb a chemical reaction and cause it to shift to establish a new equilibrium. These are ...
=> concentration effects,
=> temperature effects, and
=> pressure-volume effects.
The attached notes explain in general terms how to evaluate a chemical reaction under an applied stress factor and determine direction of shift to establish a new equilibrium stability. Compare and apply to the worksheet problems.
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Answers to worksheet (compare to attached notes)
1a. => increasing wt to product side => tilts right => shifts left
1b. => removing wt from reactant side => tilts right => shifts left,
1c. => increasing wt to product side => tilts right => shifts left
2a. => tilts left (excess wt from Hg), shifts right,
2b. => Increase pressure shifts toward lower molar gas volume side (right) Note: apply only to gas phase substances, Hg is in liquid phase.
3a. exothermic rxn => cooling => tilts left, rxn shifts right
3b. endothermic rxn => cooling => tilts right, rxn shifts left
3c. exothermic rxn => cooling => tilts left, rxn shifts right
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