c.Both the breaking of nuclear bonds and the forming of nuclear bonds.
Explanation:
Nuclear energy is released by the breaking and forming of nuclear bonds. The breaking of nuclear bonds by unstable atoms is known as nuclear fission. The forming of nuclear bonds by combination of light atoms is known as nuclear fusion.
- Nuclear fission is a radioactive decay process in which a heavy nucleus spontaneously disintegrates into lighter ones with the release of energy.
- In nuclear fusion, atomic nuclei combines into larger ones with the release of large amount of energy.
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Answer:check explanation
Explanation:
(a). HOW THE DISTANCE BETWEEN ELECTRON DONOR AND ACCEPTOR AFFECTS THE RATE OF ELECTRON TRANSFER IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM:
Distance between the acceptor and the donor can affect in two ways; short distance and long distance effect.
Short distance causes
electronic orbitals of donor and acceptor directly overlap whereas in LONG DISTANCE reactions this coupling is indirect because of
sequential overlaps of atomic orbitals of the donor, the intervening medium, and the orbitals of the acceptor.
(b). HOW REORGANIZATION ENERGY OF REDOX ACTIVE SPECIE SURROUNDING MEDIUM AFFECTS:
the reorganized energy does not depend on the pre-existing intra molecule electric field. The charge transferred inside the molecule interacts with its aqueous surroundings.
Reorganized energy can be calculated using Poisson-Boltzmann equation.
Answer:
The chemical characteristics of carbon affect the characteristics of organic molecules due to its tetravalent nature. It has four valence electrons in which it shares with other elements in order to form an octet configuration.
Carbon atoms are also capable of forming double and triple bonds with other atoms. These properties help determine the functional group present and gives us a knowledge of the chemical features such as polarity, melting and boiling present in the compound.
A. Conducting a drug experiment which will harm lab rats
