Answer is: the ionized state of the carboxyl group is COO⁻.
Physiological pH is 7,4 and carboxyl group in the R group has pKa = 3,7. Since this pKa is lower than phys<span>iological pH of 7,4, carboxyl group (COOH) will lost proton, and because of that it will be deprotonated and will have negative charge.
</span>Aspartic acid<span> is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.</span>
Answer: <u>Endonuclease enzymes used in molecular biology that cut DNA at specified points.</u>
Explanation:
Enzymes are specific protein types which bind to a substrate within a reaction, to increase the rate of reaction within the solution- they speed up the rate of reaction.
Restriction enzymes are bacteria-derived enzymes; these make cuts on deoxyribonucleic acid molecules or DNA. These are also called restriction endonucleases. They are utilized in molecular biology for DNA cloning and sequencing and cut DNA into smaller pieces called fragments.
Restriction enzymes make directed cuts on DNA molecules. They precisely target sites on DNA to produce mostly identical or homogenous, discrete fragments of equal sizes, producing blunt or sticky ends. In order to do this, they recognize sequences of nucleotides that correspond with a complementary sequence on the endonuclease called restriction sites.
There are several kinds that may require cofactors (chemical or metallic compounds that aid in enzyme activity) :
- Type I: cleave far away from the recognition site; require ATP and SAMe S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine
- Type II: cleave near to the site; require Magnesium
- Type III: cleave near to the site; require ATP which is not hydrolysed but SAMe S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine is optional
- Type IV: cleavage targeted to DNA that have undergone post transcriptional modification through certain types of methylation (addition of a methyl group)
It's replacement reaction. Hope it helped
Answer:
Explanation:
Structure of the 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-pentanone is give in the attachment
In 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-pentanone, no alpha hydrogen is present, therefore, enol form is not possible and hence, exist only in keto form.
Explanation for existence of cyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-one only in enol form:
keto form of cyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-one not aromatic and hence less stable.
Whereas enol form it is aromatic which makes it highly stable. that's why cyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-one exists only in enol form.