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ira [324]
3 years ago
5

Methane gas is 304 C with 4.5 tons of mass flow per hour to an uninsulated horizontal pipe with a diameter of 25 cm. It enters a

t a temperature and exits at 284 C. The pipe is smooth and its length is 10 m. temperature is 25 ° C. Since the smear coefficient of the pipe surface is given as 0.8; a-) Indoor and outdoor convection coefficients (W / m2K), b-) Heat loss from the pipe to the environment (W), c-) The surface temperature of the pipe (C), d-) Calculate the required fan control (W) and interpret the results.
Engineering
1 answer:
Arada [10]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

a) h_c = 0.1599 W/m^2-K

b) H_{loss} = 5.02 W

c) T_s = 302 K

d) \dot{Q} = 25.125 W

Explanation:

Non horizontal pipe diameter, d = 25 cm = 0.25 m

Radius, r = 0.25/2 = 0.125 m

Entry temperature, T₁ = 304 + 273 = 577 K

Exit temperature, T₂ = 284 + 273 = 557 K

Ambient temperature, T_a = 25^0 C = 298 K

Pipe length, L = 10 m

Area, A = 2πrL

A = 2π * 0.125 * 10

A = 7.855 m²

Mass flow rate,

\dot{ m} = 4.5 tons/hr\\\dot{m} = \frac{4.5*1000}{3600}  = 1.25 kg/sec

Rate of heat transfer,

\dot{Q} = \dot{m} c_p ( T_1 - T_2)\\\dot{Q} = 1.25 * 1.005 * (577 - 557)\\\dot{Q} = 25.125 W

a) To calculate the convection coefficient relationship for heat transfer by convection:

\dot{Q} = h_c A (T_1 - T_2)\\25.125 = h_c * 7.855 * (577 - 557)\\h_c = 0.1599 W/m^2 - K

Note that we cannot calculate the heat loss by the pipe to the environment without first calculating the surface temperature of the pipe.

c) The surface temperature of the pipe:

Smear coefficient of the pipe, k_c = 0.8

\dot{Q} = k_c A (T_s - T_a)\\25.125 = 0.8 * 7.855 * (T_s - 298)\\T_s = 302 K

b) Heat loss from the pipe to the environment:

H_{loss} = h_c A(T_s - T_a)\\H_{loss} = 0.1599 * 7.855( 302 - 298)\\H_{loss} = 5.02 W

d) The required fan control power is 25.125 W as calculated earlier above

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Answer:

A) 282.34 - j 12.08 Ω

B) 0.0266 + j 0.621 / unit

C)

A = 0.812 < 1.09° per unit

B =  164.6 < 85.42°Ω  

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Explanation:

Given data :

Z ( impedance ) = 0.03 i  + j 0.35 Ω/km

positive sequence shunt admittance ( Y ) = j4.4*10^-6 S/km

A) calculate Zc

Zc = \sqrt{\frac{z}{y} }  =  \sqrt{\frac{0.03 i  + j 0.35}{j4.4*10^-6 } }    

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hence Zc = 282.34 - j 12.08 Ω

B) Calculate  gl

gl = \sqrt{zy} * d  

 d = 500

 z = 0.03 i  + j 0.35

 y = j4.4*10^-6 S/km

gl =  \sqrt{0.03 i  + j 0.35*  j4.4*10^-6}  * 500

   = \sqrt{1.5456*10^{-6} < 175.1^0} * 500

   = 0.622 < 87.55 °

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C) exact ABCD parameters for this line

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B = Zc sin h (gl) Ω  = 164.6 < 85.42°Ω  ( as calculated )

C = 1/Zc  sin h (gl) s  =  2.061 * 10^-3 < 90.32° s ( as calculated )

D = cos h (gl) . per unit = 0.812 < 1.09° per unit ( as calculated )

where :  cos h (gl)  = \frac{e^{gl} + e^{-gl}  }{2}

             sin h (gl) = \frac{e^{gl}-e^{-gl}  }{2}

     

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