What is diffusion?
The diffusion of substances within a solution tends to move those substances <u>down</u> their <u>concentration</u> gradient.
Aim of diffusion:
The movement of molecules along a concentration gradient is known as diffusion. It is a significant process that all living things go through. Diffusion facilitates the flow of materials into and out of cells. Until the concentration is the same everywhere, the molecules travel from a location of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Diffusion occurs in gases and liquids because random molecular movement is possible.
Types of diffusion:
Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are the two primary categories of diffusion.
- Simple diffusion: An action where the substance passes across a semipermeable barrier or solution without the aid of transport proteins. For instance, bacteria use simple diffusion to transport minute nutrients, water, and oxygen into the cytoplasm.
- Facilitated diffusion: It is the passive transfer of molecules from the area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration across the cell membrane using a carrier molecule.
The main aim of diffusion is to arrive at an equilibrium state. When the amount of the particles is uniformly distributed or constant throughout a solution, it is said to be in equilibrium.
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Answer: Refrigerator and fire extinguisher
Explanation: Refrigerator:An evaporator fan draws air from the refrigerator and blows it over the evaporator coils. The liquid refrigerant absorbs heat from the air and the air blows back into the refrigerator at a lower temperature, cooling the refrigerator. The liquid refrigerant starts to vaporize as it heats up and moves to the compressor.
Fire extinguisher:They work by smothering the fire: when you put a layer of powder or foam on the fire, you cut the fuel off from the oxygen around it, and the fire goes out. Carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishers contain a mixture of liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide (a nonflammable gas).
<span>They have chloroplasts and use light energy to make more food. I think might be wrong </span>
Answer:
Anion with 4 more electrons than protons
Explanation:
In Atomic Theory, for a given element that is defined by the number of protons the only issue that can change is the number of valence electrons.
Therefore, element ions with a positive charge have lost electrons such that the number of protons is greater than the number of electrons. For element ions with a negative charge have gained electrons such that the number of protons is less than the number of electrons.
Examples:
Elements with positive charges => cations
Ca => Ca⁺² + 2e⁻ => Oxidation half-reaction shows electrons on right of arrow indicating 'loss' of electrons. This gives calcium (Ca⁺²) having 20p⁺ with 18e⁻.
Elements with negative charges => anions
O + 2e⁻ => O²⁻ => Reduction half-reaction shows electrons on left of arrow indicating a 'gain' of electrons. This gives oxygen (O²⁻) having 8p⁺ with 10e⁻.
<u>Note on Periodic Trends of Ions</u>
It should be noted that when looking at the periodic chart, the elements to the right of the metalloid elements are typically anions with greater numbers of electrons than protons on ionization. In the same context, the elements to the left of the metalloid elements are typically cations with greater numbers of protons than electrons on ionization. Metalloids are elements highlighted in yellow => B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, & Te.
