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igomit [66]
3 years ago
7

What types of cell differentiate to become especialized

Biology
1 answer:
Allushta [10]3 years ago
7 0
A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called meristematic cells in higher plants and embryonic stem cells in animals, though some groups report the presence of adult pluripotent cells.
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How does apoptosis prevent babies from being born with webbed fingers and toes
Anit [1.1K]

Answer:

In many organisms, programmed cell death is a normal part of development. In some cases, apoptosis during development occurs in a very predictable way: in the worm C. elegans, 131131131 cells will die by apoptosis as the worm develops from a single cell to an adult (and we know exactly which ones they are)^1

1

start superscript, 1, end superscript!

Apoptosis also plays a key role in human development. For instance, as we saw in the introduction, your hand started out as a paddle-like block of tissue when you were an embryo. The block was “carved” into fingers by apoptosis of the cells in between the developing fingers.

Microscope images from a scientific paper, showing a developing mouse paw. The cells between the developing digits are stained by a marker that indicates apoptotic cells.

Microscope images from a scientific paper, showing a developing mouse paw. The cells between the developing digits are stained by a marker that indicates apoptotic cells.

Image modified from "Duplication of digit 4 is preceded by reduced apoptosis and expanded chondrogenesis in the posterior limb mesenchyme," by Farin et al. ^2

2

squared, CC BY 4.0.

This process occurs in all sorts of vertebrate species that have finger- or toe-like digits, and less apoptosis results in more webbing between the digits. Sometimes, if a small mistake happens during finger or toe development, apoptosis may be incomplete (leading, for instance, to fused toes).

Other examples of apoptosis during normal development include the loss of a tadpole’s tail as it turns into a frog, and the removal of unneeded neurons in as neural circuits in the brain are “wired.”

Apoptosis can eliminate infected or cancerous cells

In some cases, a cell can pose a threat to the rest of the body if it survives. For instance, this may be the case for cells with DNA damage, pre-cancerous cells, and cells infected by viruses. If these cells undergo apoptosis, the threat to the rest of the organism (such as cancer or spread of a viral infection) is removed.

When a cell’s DNA is damaged, it will typically detect the damage and try to repair it. If the damage is beyond repair, the cell will normally send itself into apoptosis, ensuring that it will not pass on its damaged DNA. When cells have DNA damage but fail to undergo apoptosis, they may be on the road to cancer.

Explanation:

6 0
1 year ago
Which type of mutation affects the largest number of genes
SashulF [63]

Answer:

Chromosomal Mutation

Explanation:

The development and function of an organism is in large part controlled by genes. Mutations can lead to changes in the structure of an encoded protein or to a decrease or complete loss in its expression. Because a change in the DNA sequence affects all copies of the encoded protein, mutations can be particularly damaging to a cell or organism. In contrast, any alterations in the sequences of RNA or protein molecules that occur during their synthesis are less serious because many copies of each RNA and protein are synthesized.

Geneticists often distinguish between the genotype and phenotype of an organism. Strictly speaking, the entire set of genes carried by an individual is its genotype, whereas the function and physical appearance of an individual is referred to as its phenotype. However, the two terms commonly are used in a more restricted sense: genotype usually denotes whether an individual carries mutations in a single gene (or a small number of genes), and phenotype denotes the physical and functional consequences of that genotype.

5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What would most likely happen to a person who is not getting enough essential animosity acids in his or her diet
Alja [10]

Probably nothing. There are a lot of vegetarians in California and Australia and Oceania and Asia (mostly Japan and India).

6 0
3 years ago
Why dose pressure change inside of earth​
xz_007 [3.2K]

Because of the increase in hydrostatic pressure

3 0
2 years ago
Choose any environmental problem and come up with a solution (taking into account the amount of knowledge at this time), it may
Salsk061 [2.6K]

Answer:

Wild Fires

Explanation:

Wild Fires are caused many factors including discarded cigarettes . These can be prevented when people stop to smoke in the forest and obey the fire protocols in the forest

8 0
3 years ago
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