Answer:
Part a)

Part b)

Part d)
As we know that due to induction of charge there will be same charge appear on the inner and outer surface of the cylinder but the sign of the charge must be different
On the inner side of the cylinder there will be negative charge induce on the inner surface and on the outer surface of the cylinder there will be same magnitude charge with positive sign.
Explanation:
Part a)
By Guass law we know that



Part b)
Outside the outer cylinder we will again use Guass law



Part d)
As we know that due to induction of charge there will be same charge appear on the inner and outer surface of the cylinder but the sign of the charge must be different
On the inner side of the cylinder there will be negative charge induce on the inner surface and on the outer surface of the cylinder there will be same magnitude charge with positive sign.
B) lever and pulley is the answer
Answer:
1.The Sun is located at one of the foci of the planets' elliptical orbits.
2.The path of the planets around the Sun is elliptical in shape.
Explanation:
As per Kepler's law of planet motion we know that all planets revolve around the sun in elliptical path in such a way that position of Sun must be at one of the focii of the path
So all planets are in elliptical path always
Position of sun is always at one of the focus
so correct answer will be
1.The Sun is located at one of the foci of the planets' elliptical orbits.
2.The path of the planets around the Sun is elliptical in shape.