Answer:

Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Plane strain fracture toughness of 
Y value 
Stress level of
Generally the equation for length of a surface crack is mathematically given by



Therefore
in mm

Answer:
A) Their creations change society.
Answer:
3.115×
meter
Explanation:
hall-petch constant for copper is given by
=25 MPa
k=0.12 for copper
now according to hall-petch equation
=
+
240=25+
D=3.115×
meter
so the grain diameter using the hall-petch equation=3.115×
meter