DNA ligase is an enzyme that repairs irregularities or breaks in the backbone of double-stranded DNA molecules. It has important role in the process of DNA replication and DNA repair. It has three general functions: It seals repairs in the DNA, it seals recombination fragments, and it connects Okazaki fragments (small DNA fragments formed during the replication of double-stranded DNA). DNA ligase functions by forming a bond between the end of a “donor” nucleotide and the end of an “acceptor” nucleotide.
<span>Maximum number of ATP re produced during the electron transport chain and chemoosmosis. During glycolysis and krebs cycle, 4 ATP are produced in total. During the ETC of oxidatie phosphorylation, 4 ATPs are produced.</span>
Urbanization is defined as “the process of making an area more urban” or an increase in the amount of people living in towns or cities. Industrialization is defined as “the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale” meaning a strong military with modern weapons, factories to create things, modern cars and boats etc. Urbanization and industrialization put a strain on the environment because of carbon gases emitted, effectively warming the earth up, destruction of trees which lowers our overall oxygen available, destruction of animal homes which will kill animals or cause unwanted interactions between humans and animals, and the pollution of natural resources such as local ponds, streams or the ocean.
