Explanation:
Given that,
Mass of the shopping cart, 
Initial speed of the shopping cart, 
Mass of the box, 
Initial speed of the box,
(at rest)
They stick together and continue moving at a new velocity. It is a case of inelastic collision.
(a) The momentum of the shopping cart before the collision is given by :

(b) The momentum of the box before the collision is given by :

(c) The velocity of the combined shopping cart/box wreckage after the collision is given by using the conservation of momentum as :

Hence, this is the required solution.
Answer:
Force
Explanation:
The Force You Put Behind Said Apple Is Greater Than That Of Gravitational Pull
Example : The More Power You Put behind a basketball the higher the basketball will go
W = force * displacement
W = 32 pounds * 10 feet
Now you need to convert it to newton and meters
W = 142 N * 3.048 m = 434 J
(I approximated the conversions- I hope it helps)
Discrete systems are those systems in which are made up of finite component particles a which are non-homogeneously arranged such that no smooth variation exists. It is such that all constituent particles have properties which vary randomly. They are direct opposite to continuous systems, which are smooth arrangement of particles which cannot be individually taken into consideration.
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Answer:

Explanation:
For this exercise we must use the principle of conservation of energy
starting point. The proton very far from the nucleus
Em₀ = K = ½ m v²
final point. The point where the proton is stopped (v = 0)
Em_f = U = q V
where the potential is
V = k Ze / r²
Let us consider that all the charge of the nucleus is in the center, therefore r is the distance from this point to the proton that is approaching
Energy is conserved
Em₀ = Em_f
½ m v² = e (
)
with this expression we can find the closest approach distance (r)