Complete Question
The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image
Answer:
a it is always zero
b 0
c 
Explanation:ss
Here the net charge is on the outer surface of the conductor thus this means that the net charge inside the conductor is zero
Generally the charge density of a conductor is dependent on the charge per unit area which implies that the charge density is dependent on the net charge so this means that the charge density inside the conductor is zero
Generally the direction of electric field this from the positive charge to the negative charge so from the question we can deduce that the negative charge is located on the surface of the conductor
So We can mathematically define the charge density on the surface of the electric field as
∮
Where E is the electric field
change in unit area
is the negative charge
is the permittivity of free space
So



Where
is the charge density
<span>electric, solar, wind, and geothermal.</span>
The amount of gravitational potential energy acquired by the rock is equal to:

where
m is the mass of the rock
g is the gravitational acceleration

is the increase in height of the rock
Substituting the data of the problem, we find

So, Natalie gave 220.7 J of energy to the rock.
I don't understand the question but impulse and momentum is the same. So maybe is the force same too
The pet store would be the reference point because it is where he started and it will not move. Hope this helped.