Titanium dioxide (TiO ) is used extensively as a white pigment. It is produced from an ore that contains ilmenite (FeTiO ) and f
erric oxide (Fe O ). The ore is digested with an aqueous sulfuric acid solution to produce an aqueous solution of titanyl sulfate [(TiO)SO ] and ferrous sulfate (FeSO ). Water is added to hydrolyze the titanyl sulfate to H TiO , which precipitates, and H SO . The precipitate is then roasted, driving off water and leaving a residue of pure titanium dioxide. (Several steps to remove iron from the intermediate solutions as iron sulfate have been omitted from this description.) Suppose an ore containing 24.3% Ti by mass is digested with an 80% H SO solution, supplied in 50% excess of the amount needed to convert all the ilmenite to titanyl sulfate and all the ferric oxide to ferric sulfate [Fe (SO ) ]. Further suppose that 89% of the ilmenite actually decomposes. Calculate the masses (kg) of ore and 80% sulfuric acid solution that must be fed to produce 1000 kg of pure TiO .
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That will make a gold-202 nucleus.
<h3>Explanation</h3>Refer to a periodic table. The atomic number of mercury Hg is 80.
Step One: Bombard the with a neutron
. The neutron will add 1 to the mass number 202 of
. However, the atomic number will stay the same.
- New mass number: 202 + 1 = 203.
- Atomic number is still 80.
.
Double check the equation:
- Sum of mass number on the left-hand side = 202 + 1 = 203 = Sum of mass number on the right-hand side.
- Sum of atomic number on the left-hand side = 80 = Sum of atomic number on the right-hand side.
Step Two: The nucleus loses a proton
. Both the mass number 203 and the atomic number will decrease by 1.
- New mass number: 203 - 1 = 202.
- New atomic number: 80 - 1 = 79.
Refer to a periodic table. What's the element with atomic number 79? Gold Au.
.
Double check the equation:
- Sum of mass number on the left-hand side = 203 = 202 + 1 = Sum of mass number on the right-hand side.
- Sum of atomic number on the left-hand side = 80 = 79 + 1 = Sum of atomic number on the right-hand side.
A gold-202 nucleus is formed.
The mass of iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) : 85.12 g
<h3>Further explanation</h3>Given
3.20x10²³ formula units
Required
The mass
Solution
1 mole = 6.02.10²³ particles
Can be formulated :
N = n x No
N = number of particles
n = mol
No = 6.02.10²³ = Avogadro's number
mol of Fe₂O₃ :
mass of Fe₂O₃ (MW=160 g/mol)