Probable cause. An officer has reason to believe that a crime may be comitted. (physical evidence, observations, statements, video/audio.)
Searches. Officers are only allowed to do a pat down (terry search, frisk) as a protective measure. They can do a full search if a suspect is taken into custody.
4th amendment protects against unreasonable search and seizures.
When a suspect is being questioned (for incriminating information) they must be read their Miranda rights before proceeding. Basic questions are allowed. ("How are you doing?").
Abuse of police authority could be requesting to see an ID when there is no probable cause.
They traded with them selves.
Their civilization has never paused, or changed. They still have their old cultures (sort of) They still have the same language.
The Treaty of Versailles was the treaty signed with Germany that many Germans felt was a harsh peace. The correct option is the third option given in the question. The Treaty of Versailles was signed by the allied countries and Germany during 29th of June in the year 1919. This treaty forced Germany to pay for the losses that the allied countries had to undertake because of the war.
It took 1 year to travel from one end of the Islamic empire to the other. Baghdad was the fabled city of wealth that existed at the heart of the Islamic Empire :)