What is heat, and how does it affect the molecules<br> in a substance?

transmission electron microscopes that use high-energy electrons accelerated over a range from 40.0 to 100 kv are employed in ma

Gekata [30.6K]

The spatial limitations in Picometer for the given range of electrons would be around 50 picometers.

What is a transmission electron microscope?

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a type of microscope that uses a beam of high-energy electrons to produce detailed images of the structure of materials at the atomic or molecular scale. TEMs work by passing a focused beam of electrons through a thin sample and collecting the transmitted electrons on a fluorescent screen or an electronic detector. The interaction of the sample with the electrons results in the formation of an image that can be magnified and displayed on a computer monitor. TEMs are widely used in the fields of materials science, biology, and nanotechnology and can provide information about the structure, composition, and properties of materials with a high level and resolution.

According to the problem:

The spatial resolution of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is determined by the size of the electron probe, which is directly related to the energy of the electrons. The higher the energy of the electrons is, the smaller the size of the probe is and the higher the spatial resolution.

At the lower end of the energy range of 40.0 kV, the spatial resolution of the TEM would be on the order of hundreds of nanometers. At the higher end of the range (100 kV), the spatial resolution would be on the order of tens of nanometers.

In general, TEMs with electron energy in the range of 40-100 kV are capable of resolving details down to around 50 picometers (pm). However, the actual spatial resolution will depend on various factors, such as the quality of the electron optics, the stability of the electron beam, and the sample preparation.

It's worth noting that TEMs with even higher electron energies (up to several hundred kV) are available, which can achieve spatial resolutions down to the sub-angstrom level (less than 0.1 pm). However, these instruments are much more expensive and complex to operate than TEMs with lower electron energies.

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7 0

1 month ago

A metal wire is in thermal contact with two heat reservoirs at both of its ends. Reservoir 1 is at a temperature of 563 K, and r

Schach [20]

Answer:

1.85 J/K

Explanation:

The computation of total change in entropy is shown below:-

Change in Entropy = Sum Q ÷ T

= $\frac{-heat\ entering\ the\ reservoir}{Reservoir\ 1\ Temperature} + \frac{Conduction\ of\ heat}{Reservoir\ 2\ Temperature}$

$= \frac{-1760}{563} + \frac{1760}{354}$

= -3.12 + 4.97

= 1.85 J/K

Therefore for computing the total change in entropy we simply applied the above formula.

As we can see that there is heat entering the reservoir so it will be negative while cold reservoir will be positive else the process would be impossible.

8 0

2 years ago

Based on the replacement reaction, what would the products of the reaction be?

cricket20 [7]

Answer:

$\rm Be(OH)_2$ and $\rm (NH_4)_2 SO_4$ . The missing ion would be $\rm OH^{-}$ .

Explanation:

In a double replacement reaction, two ionic compounds exchange their ions to produce two different ionic compounds.

In this question, the two ionic compounds are:

$\rm BeSO_4$ , and
$\rm NH_4 OH$ .

In particular,

$\rm BeSO_4$ is made up of $\rm Be^{2+}$ ions and $\rm {SO_4}^{2-}$ ions, while
$\rm NH_4 OH$ is made up of $\rm {NH_4}^{+}$ ions and $\rm OH^{-}$ ions.

In a binary ionic compound, cations (positive ions) can only bond to anions (negative ions.)

$\rm Be^{2+}$ is a cation. In $\rm BeSO_4$ , $\rm Be^{2+}$ was bounded $\rm {SO_4}^{2-}$ anions. During the reaction, it bonds with $\rm OH^{-}$ anions to produce $\rm Be(OH)_2$ .

$\rm {NH_4}^{+}$ is also a cation. In $\rm NH_4 OH$ , $\rm {NH_4}^{+}$ was bounded to $\rm OH^{-}$ ions. During the reaction, it bonds with $\rm {SO_4}^{2-}$ anions to produce $\rm (NH_4)_2 SO_4$ .

Hence, the two products will be $\rm Be(OH)_2$ and $\rm (NH_4)_2 SO_4$ .

Note that charges on the ions must balance. For example, a $\rm Be^{2+}$ ion carries twice as much charge as an $\rm {NH_4}^{+}$ ion. As a result, each $\rm Be^{2+}$ ion would bond with twice as many $\rm OH^{-}$ ions as $\rm {NH_4}^{+}$ would in $\rm NH_4 OH$ .

4 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

A boy standing throws a penny horizontally at 7.25 m/s out of the window of his apparent buliding. If the window is 10.0 m above

Ksivusya [100]

Answer:

Explanation:

This is a 2D problem (parabolic) so we have to think that way. We have to split up the problem into its 2 dimensions to solve it. Think "y-stuff" and "x-stuff".

In the y-stuff category:

v₀ = 0 (initial upwards velocity is 0 since we are told the penny is thrown horizontally)

Δx = -10.0 m (this displacement is negative because the penny lands 10.0 m below the point from which it was thrown)

a = -9.8 m/s/s

t = ? (we need to find the time in this dimension so we can use it in the x dimension to find the displacement, our unknown)

In the "x-stuff" category:

v₀ = 7.25 m/s (this is given)

Δx = ???

a = 0 (acceleration in this dimension is ALWAYS 0)

t = (we will solve for this in the y-dimension and plug it in here).

In the y dimension:

Δx = v₀t + $\frac{1}{2}at^2$ and plugging in from the y-dimension info:

$-10.0=0t+\frac{1}{2}(-9.8)t^2$ which simplifies to

$-10.0=-4.9t^2$ so

$t=\sqrt{\frac{-10.0}{-4.9} }$ which, to 2 significant digits is

t = 1.4 seconds

Now we will do the same in the x-dimension, using t = 1.4:

Δx = v₀t + $\frac{1}{2}at^2$ and filling in the x-stuff:

Δx = $7.25(1.4)+\frac{1}{2}(0)(1.4)^2$ Notice that the stuff after the + sign goes to 0 cuz of the multiplication of 0, so what we are left with is another form of the d = rt equation:

Δx = 7.25(1.4) + 0 so

Δx = 1.0 × 10¹ m (That's rounded correctly to 2 sig dig's: 10 m from the base of the building).

6 0

2 years ago

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Sound waves in air travel at approximately 330m/s. Calculate the frequency of a 2.5m-long sound wave.

dusya [7]

Frequency = speed ÷ wavelength
= 330m/s ÷ 2.5m
= 132 Hz

8 0

3 years ago

What is heat, and how does it affect the molecules in a substance?