Find the toughness (or energy to cause fracture) for a metal that experiences both elastic and plastic deformation. Assume Equat
ion 6.5 for elastic deformation, that the modulus of elasticity is 172 GPa, and that elastic deformation terminates at a strain of 0.01. For plastic deformation, assume that the relationship between stress and strain is described by , in which the values for K and n are 6900 MPa and 0.30, respectively. Furthermore, plastic deformation occurs between strain values of 0.01 and 0.75, at which point fracture occurs.
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Answer:
diameter of the sprue at the bottom is 1.603 cm
Explanation:
Given data;
Flow rate, Q = 400 cm³/s
cross section of sprue: Round
Diameter of sprue at the top = 3.4 cm
Height of sprue, h = 20 cm = 0.2 m
acceleration due to gravity g = 9.81 m/s²
Calculate the velocity at the sprue base
= √2gh
we substitute
= √(2 × 9.81 m/s² × 0.2 m )
= 1.98091 m/s
= 198.091 cm/s
diameter of the sprue at the bottom will be;
Q = AV = (π/4) ×
= √(4Q/π
)
we substitute our values into the equation;
= √(4(400 cm³/s) / (π×198.091 cm/s))
= 1.603 cm
Therefore, diameter of the sprue at the bottom is 1.603 cm