Hi
<span>Explicit- and implicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study complexation in two polyelectrolyte systems: poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PSS/PAH) and poly(acrylic acid)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAA/PAH). Both these systems have been used in layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolyte films, with the first of these typically yielding linear growth in film thickness with increasing numbers of layers and the second yielding exponential growth. In both the systems, the polyelectrolytes have the same number of monomers and are present in stoichiometric proportion, and water is used as solvent. Simulations give important insights into the structure and composition of the complexes. We found that the PSS/PAH complex is more compact and has a smaller fraction of water than the PAA/PAH complex due to the presence of phenyl rings in the PSS chain and the hydrophilic nature of the charged group in the PAA chain. Either an increase in salt concentration or a decrease in partial charge fraction increases swelling and the water content in the complex. To overcome the computational limitations associated with the explicit-solvent simulation, a simple strategy to develop the force field for an implicit-solvent simulation is proposed. In the absence of salt and for fully charged polyelectrolytes, the radius-of-gyration and the various radial distribution functions predicted by the implicit-solvent simulation match well with those predicted by the explicit-solvent simulation, while reasonable agreement is obtained in the other cases. The implicit-solvent simulation was performed for bigger system sizes, and we observed trends similar to those observed for smaller system sizes, suggesting that the simulation results are independent of system size.
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The law of conservation of energy states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another.
When the book was at the shelf, its kinetic energy was zero and its potential energy was maximum. As it fell, its potential energy stated converting to kinetic energy. Before the book directly hits the ground, its kinetic energy is maximum and its potential energy is zero.
Based on the above explanation, at the moment the book landed on the floor, ALL the potential energy was converted to kinetic energy, so the kinetic energy = 67 Joules.
Speed of the black Mamba = 18 km/h = 5m/s
now the distance that black mamba cover to catch prey
Now it returns to its hide in 12 s
so average speed of return is given as
Part b)
For the whole trip we know that displacement of the mamba is zero
so average velocity of whole trip will be zero
Part c)
For average speed we know that total distance of the black mamba
d = 12.5 + 12.5 = 25 m
total time taken = 2.5 + 12 = 14.5 s
now average speed is given as
Answer:
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Explanation:
In the United States of America, the agency which was established by US Congress and saddled with the responsibility of overseeing all aspects of pollution, environmental clean up, pesticide use, contamination, natural resources and hazardous waste spills is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Also, EPA research solutions, policy development, and enforcement of regulations through the resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the governmental agency set up to ensure that various industries, factories and people comply with laws and regulations concerning the environment i.e it is an agency established to oversee and enforce environmental compliance by the people.
Hence, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is saddled with the responsibility of enforcing federal and state laws related to environmental and natural resources.
Answer:
kinetic energy at that point is 3500 MJ
Explanation:
Given data
potential energy = 5000 MJ
kinetic energy = 4500 MJ
satellite’s potential energy is 6000 MJ
to find out
kinetic energy
solution
we know that total energy is sum of kinetic energy and potential energy
so kinetic energy will be
kinetic energy = total energy - potential energy ................1
here
total energy = 5000 + 4500 = 9500 MJ
so now put all value in equation 1
kinetic energy = total energy - potential energy
kinetic energy = 9500 - 6000 = 3500
so kinetic energy at that point is 3500 MJ