In closed container, there is no exchange in mass from system to surrounding, only heat may exchange. The number of moles of water vapour remains unchanged as 5 gram water is heated in closed container.

Due to heating, liquid water gets evaporated and intermolecular distance between water molecules increases in gaseous state than liquid state and intermolecuar force of attraction decreases.

Randomness of molecules increases in gaseous state than liquid state.

5 0

3 years ago

Urea (CH4N2O) is a common fertilizer that can be synthesized by the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with carbon dioxide as follows: 2N

Gnesinka [82]

Answer:

NH3 is the limiting reactant

The theoretical yield is 216.0 kg urea

The % for this reaction is 78.8 %

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Mass of ammonia = 122.5 kg

Mass of carbon dioxide = 211.4 kg

Mass of urea produced = 170.3 kg

Molar mass of ammnoia = 17.031 g/mol

Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44.01 g/mol

Moalr mass of urea = 60.06 g/mol

Step 2: The balanced equation

2NH3(aq) + CO2(aq) --> CH4N2O(aq) + H2O(l)

Step 3: Calculate moles of NH3

Number of moles = mass / Molar mass

Moles NH3 = 122500 grams / 17.031 g/mol

Moles NH3 = 7192.77 moles

Step 4: Calculate moles of CO2

Moles CO2 = 211400 / 44.01 g/mol

Moles CO2 = 4803.45 moles

Step 5: Calculate limiting reactant

For 2 moles NH3 consumed, we need 1 moles of CO2 to produce 1 mole urea and 1 mole H2O

NH3 is the limiting reactant. It will completely be consumed (7192.77 moles).

CO2 is in excess. There will be consumed 7192.77/2 = 3596.4 moles

There will remain 4803.45 - 3596.4 = 1207.05 moles of CO2

Step 6: Calculate moles of urea produced:

For 2 moles NH3 consumed, we need 1 moles of CO2 to produce 1 mole urea and 1 mole H2O

For 7192.77 moles of NH3, we have 3596.4 moles of urea produced

Step 7: Calculate mass of urea

Mass urea = moles urea * molar mass urea

Mass urea = 3596.4 moles * 60.06 g/mol

Mass urea = 216000 grams = 216 kg = theoretical yield

Step 8: Calculate % yield

% yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield)*100%

% yield = (170.3 / 216) *100% = 78.8%

The % for this reaction is 78.8 %

3 0

3 years ago