Covalent and ionic bonds are two different types of chemical bonding. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between 2 atoms while ionic bonds involve the complete transferring of electrons from one atom to another. Covalent bonds usually form between two nonmetals while ionic bonds usually form between a metal and a nonmetal.
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Answer:
The IHD = 0
There is no unsaturation in the compound C4H9Cl
Explanation:
IHD = Index for Hydrogen Deficiency .It determines total number of unsaturation or Pi- bond present in the molecule.It is calculated using the formula:
For Molecule:
Here . C = carbon
H = Hydrogen
O = Oxygen
N = Nitrogen
X = Halogen
The IHD is calculated as :
...............(1)
For example :
C4H8O2
Here c = 4 , h = 8 , o = 2 .
n = x=0
Put the value in equation (1) and find IHD
IHD = 1
For C4H9Cl
c = 4 , h = 9 and x = 1
IHD for this molecule can be calculated as :
= 0
This means there is no unsaturation in the molecule.
Each bond is sigma bond and properly saturated.
Answer:
a. Concave down
Linear increasing
b. Increases the reaction rate
c. The reaction approaches the saturation point of the enzyme
Explanation:
a. For the reaction with enzyme, the shape is concave down. The action of the enzyme on the preferred substrate is initially very rapid and decreases as the enzyme becomes saturated and the ratio of products to substrate increases to approach an equilibrium rate of reaction
For the reaction without enzyme, the shape is linear and increasing. Increase in the concentration of the substrate will increase the number of effective collisions that lead into product formation leading to an increased rate of the chemical reaction
b. The enzyme increases the proportion of effective combination of substrates to form the products
c. The curve of the reaction with enzyme flattens out because as the concentration of the substrate increases while that of the enzyme remains the same, the enzyme becomes saturated and less able to increase the rate of the reaction of the excess substrate.
Metallic bonds are forces that holds atoms together in a marlin substance
