Ionic Bonding:
This type of bonding occurs when atoms want to fulfil their valence shells by taking/giving electrons to other atoms. This, leads to completed valence shells in most cases and ionisation of both elements. The opposite charges cause the elements to stick together because opposites attract.
Covalent Bonding:
This type of bonding occurs when electrons are shared between atoms to each fill up their own valence shells by sharing. The balance between the attraction forces and repulsion forces between the shared electrons is called covalent bonding.
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The frozen balloon shrank because the average kinetic energy of the air molecules in a balloon decreases when the temperature decreases. This makes the molecules move more slowly and have less frequent and weaker collisions with the inside wall of the balloon, which causes the balloon to shrink a little. This can be called contraction.
Answer:
ΔHf0=ΔHsub+IE+ΔHdiss+EA+U
ΔHf0=108+496+122−349−788=411kJ/mol
The enthalpy change in the formation of an ionic lattice from the gaseous isolated sodium and chloride ions is −788 kJ/mole. That enthalpy change, which corresponds to the reaction Na(g)+Cl(g)→NaCl(s), is called the lattice energy of the ionic crystal. Although the lattice energy is not directly measurable, there are various ways to estimate it from theoretical considerations and some experimental values. For all known ionic crystals, the lattice energy has a large negative value. It is ultimately the lattice energy of an ionic crystal which is responsible for the formation and stability of ionic crystal structures.
For sodium chloride, the Born
Explanation:
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B elements
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Most metamorphic rocks form under conditions found a few kilometers under the earth's surface.