Answer:
1. the pencil would have the momentum and would keep going until it hits the windshield. 2. when the car suddenly accelerates, the pencil would be inert and it would move toward the back of the car until a constant speed from the car is reached.
When two sides of a membrane are in contact with each other, the distribution of ions will alter as a result of the binding of a signal molecule to a ligand-gated ion channel.
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What is a ligand-gated ion channel?</h3>
Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) are membrane proteins that are structurally integral and feature a pore that permits the controlled passage of particular ions across the plasma membrane. The electrochemical gradient for the permeant ions drives the passive ion flux.
When a chemical ligand, such as a neurotransmitter, attaches to the protein, ligand-gated ion channels open. Changes in membrane potential cause voltage channels to open and close. When a receptor physically deforms, as in the case of pressure and touch receptors, mechanically-gated channels open.
Learn more about ligand-gated ion channel here:
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First of all, don't forget that the sun is 400 times farther from us than the moon is. That fact alone tells us that anything on the earth is attracted to each kilogram of the moon with a force that's 160,000 times stronger than the force that attracts it to each kilogram of the Sun.
But more to your point ... The tides ARE greatly influenced by the sun. That's why tides are considerably higher at New Moon, when the sun and moon are both pulling in the same direction.
