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3 years ago

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A heat engine does 200 j of work per cycle while exhausting 600 j of heat to the cold reservoir. what is the engine's thermal ef

ficiency?

1 answer:

AveGali [126]3 years ago

8 0

The thermal efficiency of an engine is
$\eta= \frac{W}{Q}$
where
W is the work done by the engine
Q is the heat absorbed by the engine to do the work

In this problem, the work done by the engine is W=200 J, while the heat exhausted is Q=600 J, so the efficiency of the machine is
$\eta= \frac{W}{Q}= \frac{200 J}{600 J}=0.33 = 33 \%$

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Two velcro-covered pucks slide across the ice, collide and stick to one another. Their interaction with the ice is frictionless.

balu736 [363]

Answer:

<em>1. False</em>

<em>2. True</em>

<em>3. False</em>

<em>4. True</em>

Explanation:

<u>Conservation of Momentum</u>

According to the law of conservation of linear momentum, the total momentum of the system formed by both pucks won't change regardless of their interaction if no external forces are acting on the system.

The momentum of an object of mass ma moving at speed va is

$p_a=m_a.v_a$

The total momentum of both pucks at the initial condition is

$p_1=m_a.v_a+m_b.v_b$

Both pucks are moving to the right and puck B has twice the mass of puck A (let's call it m), thus

$m_a=m$

$m_b=2m$

We are given

$v_a=6\ m/s\\v_b=2\ m/s$

The total initial momentum is

$p_1=6m+2(2m)=10m$

At the final condition, both pucks stick together, thus the total mass is 3m and the final speed is common, thus

$p_2=3m.v'$

Equating the initial and final momentum

$10m=3m.v'$

Solving for v'

$v'=10/3\ m/s=3.33\ m/s$

1. Compute the initial kinetic energy:

$\displaystyle K_1=\frac{1}{2}mv_a^2+\frac{1}{2}2mv_b^2$

$\displaystyle K_1=\frac{1}{2}m\cdot 6^2+\frac{1}{2}2m\cdot 2^2$

$K_1=18m+4m=22m$

The final kinetic energy is

$\displaystyle K_2=\frac{1}{2}mv'^2+\frac{1}{2}2mv'^2$

$\displaystyle K_2=\frac{1}{2}m\cdot 3.33^2+\frac{1}{2}2m\cdot 3.33^2$

$K_2=16.63m$

As seen, part of the kinetic energy is lost in the collision, thus the statement is False

2. The initial speed of puck B was 2 m/s and the final speed was 3.33 m/s, thus it increased the speed: True

3. The initial speed of puck A was 6 m/s and the final speed was 3.33 m/s, thus it decreased the speed: False

4. The momentum is conserved since that was the initial assumption to make all the calculations. True

$p_1=10m$

$p_2=3m.v'=3m(10/3)=10m$

Proven

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3 years ago

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Ivanshal [37]

Answer:

If we are looking for evidence of something that exists outside of our visible Universe and leaves no trace within it, it seems that the idea of a Multiverse is fundamentally untestable. But there are all sorts of things that we cannot observe that we know must be true. Decades before we directly detected gravitational waves, we knew that they must exist, because we observed their effects.

Explanation:

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3 years ago

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G a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of a wire loop is uniform in space but changes with time t in the region of the lo

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Answer:

e = Δφ / Δt induced emf is proportional to enclosed flux

Also φ = B * A flux is proportional to area and enclosed field

If the induced emf e increases with time than the flux and hence the magnetic field is increasing with time (replace B with G)

Since e = ΔG * A / Δt if e is linear then G must also be linear and be proportional to the time

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1 year ago

Very far from earth (at R- oo), a spacecraft has run out of fuel and its kinetic energy is zero. If only the gravitational force

Margaret [11]

Answer:

Speed of the spacecraft right before the collision: $\displaystyle \sqrt{\frac{2\, G\cdot M_\text{e}}{R\text{e}}}$ .

Assumption: the earth is exactly spherical with a uniform density.

Explanation:

This question could be solved using the conservation of energy.

The mechanical energy of this spacecraft is the sum of:

the kinetic energy of this spacecraft, and
the (gravitational) potential energy of this spacecraft.

Let $m$ denote the mass of this spacecraft. At a distance of $R$ from the center of the earth (with mass $M_\text{e}$ ), the gravitational potential energy ( $\mathrm{GPE}$ ) of this spacecraft would be:

$\displaystyle \text{GPE} = -\frac{G \cdot M_\text{e}\cdot m}{R}$ .

Initially, $R$ (the denominator of this fraction) is infinitely large. Therefore, the initial value of $\mathrm{GPE}$ will be infinitely close to zero.

On the other hand, the question states that the initial kinetic energy ( $\rm KE$ ) of this spacecraft is also zero. Therefore, the initial mechanical energy of this spacecraft would be zero.

Right before the collision, the spacecraft would be very close to the surface of the earth. The distance $R$ between the spacecraft and the center of the earth would be approximately equal to $R_\text{e}$ , the radius of the earth.

The $\mathrm{GPE}$ of the spacecraft at that moment would be:

$\displaystyle \text{GPE} = -\frac{G \cdot M_\text{e}\cdot m}{R_\text{e}}$ .

Subtract this value from zero to find the loss in the $\rm GPE$ of this spacecraft:

$\begin{aligned}\text{GPE change} &= \text{Initial GPE} - \text{Final GPE} \\ &= 0 - \left(-\frac{G \cdot M_\text{e}\cdot m}{R_\text{e}}\right) = \frac{G \cdot M_\text{e}\cdot m}{R_\text{e}} \end{aligned}$

Assume that gravitational pull is the only force on the spacecraft. The size of the loss in the $\rm GPE$ of this spacecraft would be equal to the size of the gain in its $\rm KE$ .

Therefore, right before collision, the $\rm KE$ of this spacecraft would be:

$\begin{aligned}& \text{Initial KE} + \text{KE change} \\ &= \text{Initial KE} + (-\text{GPE change}) \\ &= 0 + \frac{G \cdot M_\text{e}\cdot m}{R_\text{e}} \\ &= \frac{G \cdot M_\text{e}\cdot m}{R_\text{e}}\end{aligned}$ .

On the other hand, let $v$ denote the speed of this spacecraft. The following equation that relates $v\!$ and $m$ to $\rm KE$ :

$\displaystyle \text{KE} = \frac{1}{2}\, m \cdot v^2$ .

Rearrange this equation to find an equation for $v$ :

$\displaystyle v = \sqrt{\frac{2\, \text{KE}}{m}}$ .

It is already found that right before the collision, $\displaystyle \text{KE} = \frac{G \cdot M_\text{e}\cdot m}{R_\text{e}}$ . Make use of this equation to find $v$ at that moment:

$\begin{aligned}v &= \sqrt{\frac{2\, \text{KE}}{m}} \\ &= \sqrt{\frac{2\, G\cdot M_\text{e} \cdot m}{R_\text{e}\cdot m}} = \sqrt{\frac{2\, G\cdot M_\text{e}}{R_\text{e}}}\end{aligned}$ .

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Does plants have prokaryotic cells?

vova2212 [387]

No they have eukaryotic cells

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