Answer:
The index of refraction of the first medium must be higher than the index of refraction of the second medium
Explanation:
Snell's law describes the behaviour of light at the boundary between two mediums:
where
n1 and n2 are the index of refraction of the two mediums
are the angle between the direction of the light ray and the normal to the interface
We can rewrite the condition as:
Let's assume now that the light is travelling in the first medium with a very large angle with respect to the normal to the surface, i.e. , so that . In this case, we have
We notice that if , the ratio on the right is larger than 1, and so the term should be also larger than 1: but this is not possible of course, since the sine function is always less than 1. Therefore, in this case total internal reflection occurs, because no refracted ray is produced.
According to the research, the correct answer is to understand the cause and effect relationship in a phenomenon is an action that would improve the qualiy of results when developing an experimental design.
<h3>What is an experimental design?</h3>
It is the alteration of an experimental variable or several at the same time, in an environment strictly supervised by the person who performs the experiment.
In this sense, the researcher can evaluate in what way or for what reason a particular phenomenon occurs, modifying the variables in intensity and being able to evaluate the causes and consequences of the results.
Therefore, in conclusion according to the research, the correct answer is to understand the cause and effect relationship in a phenomenon is an action that would improve the qualiy of results when developing an experimental design.
Learn more about an experimental design here: brainly.com/question/17667382
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Answer:
Explanation:
If
- , are temperatures of gasses and liquid in Kelvins,
- and are thicknesses of gas layer and steel slab in meters,
- , are convection coefficients gas and liquid in ,
- is the contact resistance in ,
- and are thermal conductivities of gas and steel in ,
then: part(a):
using known values:
part(b): Using the rate equation :
the surface temperature
and
Similarly
The temperature distribution is shown in the attached image
Answer:
PE= m * g *h
work:
PE= 65kg * 9.8 kg *8,800 m
PE=5605600 m/kg
idk the actual units i forgot
They have no freedom to move since they are compact and extremely close together. the reason a solid obtains it’s shape is due to the fact that atoms are so close together and they cannot move freely. atoms in a solid will only vibrate- they cannot slide past each other or move freely because then the solidification wouldn’t exist.