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Vanyuwa [196]
3 years ago
15

What’s some facts about atoms and elements

Chemistry
2 answers:
Ilya [14]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

There are alot of facts but here are a few

Explanation:

Atoms:

There are 3 parts to an atom

Protons have a positive electrical charge

Atoms are the smallest particles to make an element

Elements:

Hydrogen is the most common element in the world

An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom.

An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance.

Contact [7]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Dmitri Mendeleyev is the inventor of the modern periodic table.

The majority of the elements are metals.

Atoms are made of tiny particles called protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons clump together to form a central nucleus. The electrons move in a cloud-like region around the nucleus.

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Explain why fluorine has a smaller atomic radius than both oxygen and chlorine
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Answer:

1) Has a smaller radius than oxygen because of the increased electromagnetic attraction of the nuclei

2) Has a smaller radius than chlorine because all the electrons of F have lower energy levels and have less repulsion of other electrons and hence are more attracted to the nuclei .

Explanation:

Further the electrons are from the nuclei , the bigger the atomic radius is.

(+) attraction of electrons to the nuclei, (-) repulsion of the electrons away from the nuclei.

1) From O to F:

(+) there is one more proton --> Stronger positive charge of the nuclei means that the electrons are attracted more , then they come closer to it and therefore the radius decreases

(-) There is one more electron --> Every electron is repulsed by others away from the nuclei --> the radius increases. But this effect is not so strong because the new electron is added at the same energy level.

Overall the (+) effect is stronger than the (-) effect --> Radius decreases from O to F

2) From F to Cl

(+) there is one more protons --> Same effect as before

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And also the other inner layers of electrons (electrons of lower energy levels) repulse this new external layer of electrons more effectively than the case of O  --> Strong repulsion effect (called electron shielding effect) --> Radius increases

Overall the (-) effect is stronger than the (+) effect --> Radius increases from F to Cl  (or decreases from Cl to F)

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