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lord [1]
3 years ago
15

SUBSTANCE

Chemistry
1 answer:
lilavasa [31]3 years ago
4 0
3.5 calcium chloride
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Calculate the empirical formula for each stimulant based on its elemental mass percent composition. a. nicotine (found in tobacc
Ira Lisetskai [31]

This an incomplete question, here is a complete question.

Calculate the empirical formula for each stimulant based on its elemental mass percent composition.

a. nicotine (found in tobacco leaves): C 74.03%, H 8.70%, N 17.27%

b. caffeine (found in coffee beans): C 49.48%, H 5.19 %, N 28.85% and O 16.48%

Answer:

(a) The empirical formula for the given compound is C_5H_7N

(b) The empirical formula for the given compound is C_4H_5N_2O

Explanation:

<u>Part A: nicotine </u>

We are given:

Percentage of C = 74.03 %

Percentage of H = 8.70 %

Percentage of N = 17.27 %

Let the mass of compound be 100 g. So, percentages given are taken as mass.

Mass of C = 74.03 g

Mass of H = 8.70 g

Mass of N = 17.27 g

To formulate the empirical formula, we need to follow some steps:

Step 1: Converting the given masses into moles.

Moles of Carbon =\frac{\text{Given mass of Carbon}}{\text{Molar mass of Carbon}}=\frac{74.03g}{12g/mole}=6.17moles

Moles of Hydrogen = \frac{\text{Given mass of Hydrogen}}{\text{Molar mass of Hydrogen}}=\frac{8.70g}{1g/mole}=8.70moles

Moles of Nitrogen = \frac{\text{Given mass of nitrogen}}{\text{Molar mass of nitrogen}}=\frac{17.27g}{14g/mole}=1.23moles

Step 2: Calculating the mole ratio of the given elements.

For the mole ratio, we divide each value of the moles by the smallest number of moles calculated which is 1.23 moles.

For Carbon = \frac{6.17}{1.23}=5.01\approx 5

For Hydrogen  = \frac{8.70}{1.23}=7.07\approx 7

For Nitrogen = \frac{1.23}{1.23}=1

Step 3: Taking the mole ratio as their subscripts.

The ratio of C : H : N = 5 : 7 : 1

The empirical formula for the given compound is C_5H_7N_1=C_5H_7N

<u>Part B: caffeine</u>

We are given:

Percentage of C = 49.48 %

Percentage of H = 5.19 %

Percentage of N = 28.85 %

Percentage of O = 16.48 %

Let the mass of compound be 100 g. So, percentages given are taken as mass.

Mass of C = 49.48 g

Mass of H = 5.19 g

Mass of N = 28.85 g

Mass of O = 16.48 g

To formulate the empirical formula, we need to follow some steps:

Step 1: Converting the given masses into moles.

Moles of Carbon = \frac{\text{Given mass of Carbon}}{\text{Molar mass of Carbon}}=\frac{49.48g}{12g/mole}=4.12moles

Moles of Hydrogen = \frac{\text{Given mass of Hydrogen}}{\text{Molar mass of Hydrogen}}=\frac{5.19g}{1g/mole}=5.19moles

Moles of Nitrogen = \frac{\text{Given mass of nitrogen}}{\text{Molar mass of nitrogen}}=\frac{28.85g}{14g/mole}=2.06moles

Moles of Oxygen = \frac{\text{Given mass of oxygen}}{\text{Molar mass of oxygen}}=\frac{16.48g}{16g/mole}=1.03moles

Step 2: Calculating the mole ratio of the given elements.

For the mole ratio, we divide each value of the moles by the smallest number of moles calculated which is 1.03 moles.

For Carbon = \frac{4.12}{1.03}=4

For Hydrogen  = \frac{5.19}{1.03}=5.03\approx 5

For Nitrogen = \frac{2.06}{1.03}=2

For Nitrogen = \frac{1.03}{1.03}=1

Step 3: Taking the mole ratio as their subscripts.

The ratio of C : H : N : O = 4 : 5 : 2 : 1

The empirical formula for the given compound is C_4H_5N_2O_1=C_4H_5N_2O

6 0
3 years ago
Calculate the vapor pressure in torr of a solution containng 24.5 g of glycerin (C3H8O3) in 135 mL water at 30.0* C; the vapor p
Otrada [13]
Psolution = X · PH_20
= 0.966 · 31.8 torr
= 30.7 torr
3 0
2 years ago
An igneous rock that _____ is made of really small mineral crystals. A. cools rapidly B. crystallizes slowly C. undergoes extrem
Elina [12.6K]

Answer: An igneous rock that cools rapidly is made of really small mineral crystals.

Explanation:

The layers inside the earth are hot enough to melt a rock. The liquid or molten rock is known as magma.

When a molten rock cools and solidifies, it results in the formation of an igneous rock.

The slow cooling of magma will result in the formation of an igneous rock with large crystals. Whereas, rapid cooling of lava will result in the formation of an igneous rock with small crystals.

Thus, it can be concluded that an igneous rock that cools rapidly is made of really small mineral crystals.


6 0
3 years ago
The ka of hypochlorous acid (hclo) is 3.0 ⋅ 10−8 at 25.0 °c. calculate the ph of a 0.0375m hypochlorous acid solution.
Scrat [10]
We can set up an ICE table for the reaction:                      
                      HClO          H+     ClO-
Initial              0.0375       0        0
Change         -x               +x      +x
Equilibrium    0.0375-x     x        x

We calculate [H+] from Ka:     
     Ka = 3.0x10^-8 = [H+][ClO-]/[HClO] = (x)(x)/(0.0375-x)

Approximating that x is negligible compared to 0.0375 simplifies the equation to         
     3.0x10^-8 = (x)(x)/0.0375     
     3.0x10^-8 = x2/0.0375     
     x2 = (3.0x10^-8)(0.0375) = 1.125x10^-9     
     x = sqrt(1.125x10^-9) = 0.0000335 = 3.35x10^-5 = [H+]
in which 0.0000335 is indeed negligible compared to 0.0375.

We can now calculate pH:     
     pH = -log [H+] = - log (3.35 x 10^-5) = 4.47
6 0
3 years ago
Which statement BEST describes why licensed health care workers are held to a higher standard?
strojnjashka [21]

Answer:

They agree to ethical standards when they are licensed.

Explanation:

4 0
3 years ago
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