Answer:
Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·nH
2O.[11] The monohydrate NaOH·H
2O crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound.
As one of the simplest hydroxides, sodium hydroxide is frequently utilized alongside neutral water and acidic hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students.[12]
Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents, and as a drain cleaner. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60 million tons, while demand was 51 million tons.[13]
Calcium oxide + water = calcium hydroxide.
Magnesium + hydrochloric acid = magnesium chloride + hydrogen.
Sodium hydrogen carbonate + citric acid = Na3C6H5O7(aq)+3H2O(l)+3CO2(g)
Iron + salt water = 4Fe(OH)3 (rust)
Answer:
(C) PCl₅
Explanation:
(A) AlCl₄⁻
The central atom has 4 bond pairs and 0 lone pair. Hybridization is sp³. The geometry is tetrahedral which has an angle of 109.5°.
(B) NH₃
The central atom has 3 bond pairs and 1 lone pair. Hybridization is sp³. The geometry is pyramidal which has an angle of approximately 107.5°.
(C) PCl₅
The central atom has 5 bond pairs and 0 lone pair. Hybridization is sp³d². The geometry is trigonal bipyramidal in which the equatorial bonds has an angle of 120° and axial bond has an angle of 90°.
(D) CO₂
The central atom has 4 bond pairs and 0 lone pair. Hybridization is sp. The geometry is linear which has an angle of 180°.
(E) H₂O
The central atom has 2 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs. Hybridization is sp³. The geometry is bent shape which has an angle of approximately 105.5°.
Statement 1: The Earth's axis tilt makes one hemisphere face away from the sun during orbit, creating cooler seasons.
Statement 2: The Earth's axis tilt makes one hemisphere face towards the sun during orbit creating warmer seasons.
