Answer:
In the physical sciences, subatomic particles are smaller than atoms. They can be composite particles, such as the neutron and proton; or elementary particles, which according to the standard model are not made of other particles.
Explanation:
A myelinated axon has a sheath around it and a bore axon doesn't have it, it's open or exposed so to speak. T<span>he myelin is made up of fat and protein and works like insulation. these axons make up the white matter in the brain since it appears white. The sheath helps to keep the electrical current from leaving the axon and the myelin sheath provides a tract along which regrowth can occur. </span>
Eukaryotic cells are theorized to have evolved from prokaryotes called the endosymbiotic theory. This explains that the most primitive eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryotic cell (by the process of phagocytosis) that is capable of cellular respiration and another prokaryotic cell that is capable of photosynthesis. These prokaryotic cells eventually became organelles and these organelles are the mitochondria and the chloroplast.
Answer:
it causes the depolarization of the target cell
Explanation:
Glutamate is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that binds to specific receptors on the surface of target cells and thus causes its depolarization. During glutamate-mediated depolarization, the difference in charge inside and outside the cell is lost due to the entry of sodium and calcium positive ions into the postsynaptic cell (neuron) through specific ion channels. Moreover, glutamate binding also leads to the exit of potassium ions from the cell, thereby resulting in excitation. Through this mechanism, glutamate regulates many signaling pathways, such as those involved in memory, learning, emotions, cognition, motor control, etc.
