By sharing electeons with each other
if they lose or gain electrons then they only form ions
they cannot lose neutrons as they are locked inside the nucleus
the energy gained by proteins and carbohydrates differs from the energy gained by fats.
proteins and carbohydrates both give 4 kcal per gram
fats give 9 kcal per gram
mass of proteins - 2 g
energy given by proteins - 2 g x 4 kcal/g = 8 cal
mass of carbohydrates - 20 g
energy given by carbohydrates - 20 g x 4 kcal/g = 80 cal
mass of fat - 1 g
energy given by fat - 1 g x 9 kcal/g = 9 cal
total energy = 8 + 80 + 9 = 97 kcal
energy = 97 kcal
E=hc/λ =6.626×10^-34×3 ×10^8 / 3×10^7 × 10^-9 = 6.626×10 ^-24J.
