Land mammals became more common in the Quaternary period, which came after the Neogene, so the first statement is not true.
FIrst whales evolved 50 million years ago and the quaternary period began 2,6 years ago, so the first whales did not evolve during this period.
The quarternary period is famous for its ice ages, so the Earth did not heat up during this period.
There was indeed a rise in the ocean levels during the Neogene period, so this is a true statement
The fraction will be positive . because negative and negative cancels
I think your question all turn into lowercases, uppercases, and lowercases are important in genetics because it can differentiate between the dominant and recessive forms.
let me explain at least how to calculate the offspring percentage:
for example, you have Rr crossed with another Rr (R for wrinkled peas and r for smooth peas), you just have to match between the four letters, and you will have four possibilities:
R and R
R and r
r and R
r and r
you will have RR, Rr, Rr, and rr
if we convert into percentages, it will give:
25% RR
50% Rr (there's two Rr so 25 + 25)
25% rr
The stars that is very dim and red is called Red Dwarfs.
