Substrate-level phosphorylation is the metabolic reaction which results in formation of energy currency molecules, ATP or GTP by direct transfer of a phosphoryl group to the ADP or GDP from the another phosphorylated compound.

In citric acid cycle, Succinyl-CoA in the presence of succinyl-CoA synthase is converted to succinate. Condensation reaction (Substrate-level phosphorylation) of GDP and Pi takes place which results in the formation of GTP.

3 0

2 years ago

Consider the following mechanism for the oxidation of bromide ions by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acid solution. H+ + H2O2 ? H3

Margarita [4]

Answer: The rate law for the reaction is $\text{Rate}=k'[H+][H_2O_2][Br^-]$

Explanation:

Rate law is the expression which is used to express the rate of the reaction in terms of the molar concentration of reactants where each term is raised to the power their stoichiometric coefficient respectively from a balanced chemical equation.

In a mechanism of the reaction, the slow step in the mechanism determines the rate of the reaction.

The chemical equation for the oxidation of bromide ions by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acid solution follows:

$2H^++2Br^-+H_2O_2\rightarrow Br_2+2H_2O$

The intermediate reaction of the mechanism follows:

Step 1: $H^++H_2O_2\rightleftharpoons H_3O_2^+;\text{ (fast)}$

Step 2: $H_3O_2^++Br^-\rightarrow HOBr+H_2O;\text{(slow)}$

Step 3: $HOBr+H^++Br^-\rightarrow Br_2+H_2O;\text{(fast)}$

As, step 2 is the slow step. It is the rate determining step

Rate law for the reaction follows:

$\text{Rate}=k[H_3O_2^+][Br^-]$ ......(1)

As, $[H_3O_2^+]$ is not appearing as a reactant in the overall reaction. So, we apply steady state approximation in it.

Applying steady state approximation for $[H_3O_2^+]$ from step 1, we get:

$K=\frac{[H_3O_2^+]}{[H^+][H_2O_2]}$

$[H_3O_2^+]=K[H^+][H_2O_2]$

Putting the value of $[H_3O_2^+]$ in equation 1, we get:

$\text{Rate}=k.K[H^+][H_2O_2][Br^-]\\\\\text{Rate}=k'[H+][H_2O_2][Br^-]$

Hence, the rate law for the reaction is $\text{Rate}=k'[H+][H_2O_2][Br^-]$

4 0

3 years ago

How demanding is lime and cement in our world's economy?

Serggg [28]

Cement products are essential for construction and civil engineering, while lime is irreplaceable for the steel industry, as well as construction materials, paints, plastics, and rubber.

6 0

2 years ago

What type of intermolecular forces are due to

Gala2k [10]

Answer:

A. London dispersion

Explanation:

London dispersion force is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.

5 0

2 years ago

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