Answer:
The electron cloud
Explanation:
<em>Rutherford’s gold foil experiment</em> showed that the atom consisted of a tiny nucleus inside of a much larger electron cloud.
The diameter of the electron cloud is about 50 000 times that of the nucleus.
There are four atoms of fluorine present
<span>The notation of the isotopes using the atomic number and the mass number consists of the symbol of the atom, preceded by the mass number as a superscript and the atomic number as a superscript.
All the isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number. They only vary the mass number.
So, all the isotopes of oxygen have atomic number 8.
The isotope oxygen-16 has mass number 16, so it is written with the symbol O preceded by the number 16 as a superscript and the number 8 as a subscript (the two numbers to the right of the chemical symbol).
The isotope oxygen-17 has mass number 17, so it is written with the symbol O preceded by the number 17 as a superscript and the number 8 as a subscript.
The isotope oxygen-18 has mass number 18, so it is written with the symbol O preceded by the number 18 as a superscript and the number 8 as a subscript.</span>
Answer: 15. When an acid is dissolved in water we get an acidic solution. Indicators are substances that change color when they are added to acidic or alkaline solutions. Litmus, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange are all indicators that are commonly used in the laboratory.
17. In a solution that decreases in acidity, methyl orange moves from the color red to orange and finally to yellow with the opposite occurring for a solution increasing in acidity. In an acid, it is reddish and in alkali, it is yellow.
18. The pH scale measures whether there is more hydronium or hydroxide in a solution. In other words, it tells us how basic or acidic the solution is. A lower pH means something is more acidic, also known as a stronger acid. A higher pH means it is more alkaline or a stronger base.
21. A base or alkali accepts hydrogen ions, and when added to water, it soaks up the hydrogen ions formed by the dissociation of water so that the balance shifts in favor of the hydroxyl ion concentration, making the solution alkaline or basic.
I don't know most of the question i only answered the ones i know i hope it helped you.
