Protons, neutrons, and electrons<span> are the three main subatomic particles found in an atom. Protons have a</span>positive<span> (+) </span>charge<span>. An easy way to remember this is to remember that both proton and </span>positive<span> start with the</span>letter<span> "</span>P<span>." Neutrons have no electrical </span>charge<span>.</span>
Boiling points are raised by hydrogen bonds because they make different molecules desire to "attach" to one another, which requires more energy to do so. In water, for instance, the hydrogen proton is in a state that resembles ionization because the connections between oxygen and hydrogen, while covalent, are strongly polar. The oxygen also receives a partial negative charge. Therefore, hydrogen bonds are formed when the electro-positive H in one molecule is strongly electrostatically attracted to the electro-negative O in nearby molecules. Despite being weak links, they are powerful enough to significantly alter the liquid's characteristics.
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>> ROR
Red is refracted the least and violet is refracted the most
