It's the law! Matter cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions. This is the law of conservation of mass. In every chemical reaction, the same mass of matter must end up in the products as started in the reactants.
An acid-base reaction or a neutralization reaction is a <u>chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base producing a salt and water</u>. The acids and bases can be strong or weak depending on their degree of ionization in water.
Butyric acid is a weak acid and in water it is ionized in the following way, loosing a proton (H+):
HC4H7O2 (aq) ⇆ H+ (aq) + C4H7O2- (aq)
On the other hand, potassium hydroxide is a strong base, so it will be completely ionized in water:
KOH(aq) → K+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Then the <u>net acid-base reaction</u> between butyric acid and KOH is:
HC4H7O2 (aq) + OH- (aq) ⇆ H2O + C4H7O2- (aq)
It is valid to consider only the OH- produced from the ionization of KOH in water since, as mentioned, this molecule is completely ionized. Also, we do not include the K + in the net equation since it is a spectator ion, it does not undergo chemical changes.
You would use the density difference to separate the sand, evaporate the water out (the water vapor will cool back to water if collected). Then use a magnet to get the iron fillings out of the salt.
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