The chemical weathering process of carbonation removes carbon from the atmosphere. In this process, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere mixes with rainfall to form carbonic acid. This acid then reacts with calcium carbonate or limestone to form calcium bicarbonate. This reaction removes carbon from the atmosphere. Organisms such as corals can remove dissolved carbon from oceans to form their hard rocky structures. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is dissolved in ocean water. Overtime they become limestone rock.
As acid rain is a mixture of pollutants and gasses. As rusting is a chemical reaction between oxygen and other gasses in the air alongside a material and a liquid. I would say they are both similar and that acid rain would speed the process of rusting/aid the process.
C. Weak acids partially ionize
During a chemical rx a new product is formed