The Van Allen Belt is a region where various atmospheric phenomena occur due to deflection of charged particles in the Earth's magnetic field, discovered in 1958 by James Van Allen, who designed a cosmic ray experiment embarked on the American explorer spacecraft Explorer 1, launched in January 2000. 1958. Van Allen's radiations do not occur, except for rare exceptions, at the poles, but in the equatorial region. These form two ring-shaped belts, centered on the equator. The innermost reaches between altitudes of one thousand and five thousand kilometers, its maximum intensity occurring on average at three thousand kilometers. It consists of highly energetic protons, which originate from the decay of neutrons produced when cosmic rays from outer space collide with atoms and molecules of the earth's atmosphere. Some of the neutrons are ejected out of the atmosphere and disintegrate into protons and electrons as they cross this region of the belt. These particles move in spiral trajectories along force lines of the earth's magnetic field.
The nucleus is the most densely compacted part of the atom, it is in the center circled by the electron cloud or shells. It is filled with positively charged protons, and neutrons which have no charge. It is smaller than the electron cloud in size, but in quantity it has more subatomic particles since protons and electrons are equal and the nucleus has nuetrons
