I believe it was just called "the rule of law"
I think it is D because your responding to the cold from stimuli and by creating heat to keep your body the average temperature it is homeostasis.
Answer:
Reflex arcs
Sensory neuron sends electrical impulses to a relay neuron, which is located in the spinal cord of the CNS. Relay neurons connect sensory neurons to motor neurons. Motor neuron sends electrical impulses to an effector. Effector produces a response (muscle contracts to move hand away).
In order for natural selection to take place we must have "variety in a population". This variety of traits is what allows natural selection to "pick" the most favorable traits.
